The Qur'an and Its Study. Adnan Zarzour
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1. The Established Basis for Distinguishing Makkan and Madinan Revelations
2. The Criteria of Makkan and Madinan Revelations
3. Misconceptions about these Distinctions
1. Types of Openings of Qur’anic Surahs
2. Patterns of Openings with Separate Letters
3. Best Known Views Explaining the Separate Letters
The Variant Recitals of the Qur’an
1. How the Discipline of Variant Recitals Started
2. The Definition and Number of Variant Recitals
3. The Criteria for Acceptability of Variants
5. The Status of the Discipline of Variant Recitals
2. The Concept of Abrogation and its Validity
3. Abrogation or Re-Initiation
4. The Abrogation of Earlier Codes of Law, but No Abrogation in the Qur’an
5. Abrogation as a Means of Education
6. The Special Status of the Generation that Received Revelation
7. Reasons for the Special Status
8. When a Latter Revelation does not Abrogate an Earlier One
Features of Old and New Commentaries
The Start and Development of Qur’anic Commentary
1. Commentary and Ultimate Meaning
2. Interpretation on the Basis of Authentic Reports
3. Interpretation Based on Personal Views and Conditions of Interpretation
4. The Age of Difference: Reasons for Adopting New Methodologies