Captured Peace. Christine J. Wade
Captured Peace
Ohio University Research in International Studies
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Captured Peace
Elites and Peacebuilding in El Salvador
Christine J. Wade
Ohio University Press
Research in International Studies
Latin America Series No. 52
Athens, Ohio
© 2016 by the
Center for International Studies
Ohio University
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Wade, Christine J.
Title: Captured peace : elites and peacebuilding in El Salvador / Christine J. Wade.
Description: Athens, Ohio : Ohio University Press, 2016. | Series: Ohio University research in international studies ; no. 52 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015038304| ISBN 9780896802971 (hardcover : acid-free paper) | ISBN 9780896802988 (paperback : acid-free paper) | ISBN 9780896804913 (PDF)
Subjects: LCSH: El Salvador—Politics and government—1992– | Elite (Social sciences)—Political activity—El Salvador—History. | Peace-building—Social aspects—El Salvador—History. | Social control—El Salvador—History. | Political violence—El Salvador—History. | Violence—Economic aspects—El Salvador—History. | Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (El Salvador) | Political parties—El Salvador—History. | Political participation—El Salvador—History. | BISAC: POLITICAL SCIENCE / General. | SOCIAL SCIENCE / General. | POLITICAL SCIENCE / Peace.
Classification: LCC F1488.5 .W33 2016 | DDC 972.8405/3—dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015038304
For Greg
Contents
Introduction: Peacebuilding, Elites, and the Problem of Capture
1. Elites and the Salvadoran State
3. Electoral Politics in the Postwar Era: Parties, Polarization, and Participation
4. El Salvador in the Neoliberal Era
5. The Politics of Exclusion: Migration, Crime, and Society in the Postwar Era
6. Reclaiming the Captured Peace
Illustrations
Figures
4.1 Remittances and poverty rates, 1991–2013
4.2 Corruption perception index (CPI) scores, 1998–2011
Tables
2.1 Phases of the ONUSAL mission, 1991–95
3.1 Evolution of the polarization of ARENA and the FMLN in the Legislative Assembly
3.2 Selected results for legislative elections by number of deputies, 1994–2015
3.3 Selected results for municipal elections by number of municipalities, 1994–2015
4.1 Key reforms implemented by the Cristiani and Calderón Sol administrations
4.2 Growth of gross domestic product, 1989–98
4.3 Economic growth by sector, 1994–2000
4.4 Trade deficit, 1995–2000
4.5 Prioritization of problems by department
4.6 Top three development proposals by department
4.7 Growth of gross domestic product, 1999–2007
4.8 Annual remittances, 1991–2000
4.9 Selected tax source revenues, 1995–2011
4.10 Annual remittances, 2000–2009
4.11 Growth of gross domestic product, 2008–13
4.12 Annual remittances, 2010–14
5.1 Deportations of Salvadorans from the United States, 1999–2013
5.2 Homicides, 1994–2014
Acknowledgments
This book is based on field research conducted during visits to El Salvador