The Politics of Disease Control. Mari K. Webel
Diego Holstein, Holger Hoock, Vincent Leung, Irina Livezeanu, David Luesink, Pat Manning, Elspeth Martini, Jamie Miller, Ruth Mostern, Carla Nappi, Tony Novosel, Patryk Reid, Jessica Jordan Ricketts, Paul Ricketts, Pernille Røge, Rob Ruck, Jomo Smith, Scott Smith, John Stoner, Gregor Thum, Liann Tsoukas, Bruce Venarde, Molly Warsh, Katja Wezel, and Emily Winerock as well as graduate students Jack Bouchard, Marcy Ladson, Jake Pomerantz, and Kelly Urban in the Department of History. Outside of my own department, fantastic colleagues also abound: Michael Dietrich, Veronica Dristas, Felix Germain, Michael Goodhart, Macrina Lelei, anupama jain, Jessica Pickett, Michele Reid-Vazquez, Philipp Stetzel, Emily Wanderer, Jacques Bromberg, and Benno Weiner. I am especially grateful to Yolanda Covington-Ward for her mentorship and guidance and to Donald Burke at the Graduate School of Public Health and Thuy Bui in the School of Medicine for their collaborative spirit. Chris Lemery, Arif Jamal, and the Interlibrary Loan Office staff in the University of Pittsburgh Library System have always been an invaluable resource.
This project has benefited significantly from the expertise of scholars near and far who have been exceptionally generous with their time and energy. Particular thanks to Simon Ditchfield, Lukas Engelmann, Paul Finkelman, Jennifer Foray, Jeremy Green, Nancy Rose Hunt, Mark S. R. Jenner, Jennifer Lee Johnson, Neil Kodesh, Guillaume Lachenal, Stacey Langwick, Thomas F. McDow, Michelle Moyd, Deborah Neill, Rhian-non Stephens, Binyavanga Wainaina, and Jim Webb. Randall Packard offered his critical acumen on the work in progress at several key moments, including a seminar at Johns Hopkins and a manuscript colloquium at Pitt (and many conference chats besides), for which I am deeply grateful. I am also fortunate to be in a field where constructive engagement is a hallmark of seminars and conferences, and thank the countless participants, known and unfamiliar, who have workshopped and responded to portions of this book over the years.
A dynamic, far-flung, and supportive circle of colleagues has been one of the greatest pleasures of this itinerant, strange career. For their warmth and brilliance, I thank Melissa Creary, Julie Weiskopf, Jennifer Tappan, Melissa Graboyes, Aimee Genell, Sarah Cook Runcie, Claire Edington, Marian Moser Jones, Alex Cummings, Christine Evans, Alvan Azinna Ikoku, Dominique Kirchner Reill, Daniel Fridman, Uri Shwed, Rozlyn Redd, Anderson Blanton, Alison Bateman-House, Courtney Fullilove, Maura Finkelstein, Rich McKay, Michael Brown, Marissa Mika, Julia Cummiskey, Heidi More-field, Kirsten Moore-Sheeley, Dinah Hannaford, and Adam Rosenthal. This book would not be what it is without Brandon County, whose keen eye and intellectual generosity have pulled me out of the weeds many times.
The transnational nature of this project has generated wonderful opportunities to connect with colleagues and scholars in Tanzania, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Belgium, and to accumulate a deep debt to scores of archivists and archives staff members throughout. I am grateful to the Institute for the History of Medicine—Charité in Berlin and to Volker Hess for providing me with a home base in Berlin on multiple occasions over the years. My thanks to Franz Göttlicher at the Bundesarchiv in Lichterfelde and to the tireless and cheerful staff who support researchers there every day. At the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, Ulrike Folkens, Heike Tröllmich, and Henriette Senst were invaluable. I am also grateful for the helpful staff of the Auswärtiges Amt, the Geheimes Staatsarchiv-Preußisches Kulturbesitz, and the Berlin Staatsbibliothek, and for Wolfgang Apelt in the Archives of the Bethel Mission in Wuppertal and for Martina Koschwitz in the Archives of the Bernhard Nocht Institute in Hamburg. My gratitude to Heinz-Peter Brogiato and Bruno Schelhaas at Leibniz-Insitut für Länderkünde and Giselher Blesse at the Grassi Museum in Leipzig and the staff of the Staatsarchiv in Hamburg. Many other colleagues in Berlin also enriched my research and time there: Andreas Eckert, Silke Strickrodt, and Manuela Bauche; Annette Hinz-Wessels, Runar Jordaen, Marion Hulverscheidt, and Sascha Topp; and Christoph Gradmann and Wolfgang Eckart when they passed through at critical moments in the project’s development. In Berlin, the 2007–09 Berlin Program of the Freie Universität and Karin Goihl gave me an intellectual home, as did Freyja Hartzell, Stephen Gross, Chase Gummer, Melissa Kravetz, Aeleah Soine, and Jeffrey Saletnik. My thanks to Helen Bömelburg and Damien Butaeye, Darren De Ronde, Elmar Ostermann, and Katharina Bolze and the Familie Bolze, for their warm hospitality over years of work in Hamburg and Berlin.
I am grateful to the Tanzanian Commission for Science and Technology for its support of my research. In Tanzania, I was fortunate to be welcomed by faculty and graduate students at the University of Dar es Salaam: Frederick Kaijage, Yusufu Lawi, Bertrand Mapunda, Henry Muzale, Musa Sadock, and Zubeida Tumbo-Masabo. My thanks also to Conso Musale at UDSM. John Rajabu led me through the East Africana Collection at the UDSM library and its wonderful maps. At the Tanzania National Archives, I benefited from the daily assistance and guidance of Ally Y. Ally, Laurent Mwombeki, Grayson Nyanga, Mamsanga Mbarouk, and Sospeter Mkapa, among many other behind-the-scenes staff. Fr. Donald Anderson opened the door to Atiman House and the White Fathers Provincial Archive to me, generous with both his knowledge of the White Fathers’ history and his own time. In Bukoba, Bishop Method Kilaini graciously shared his family history and his own scholarship. Fr. Elpidius Rwegoshora’s help and dedication have forever convinced me to trust in serendipitous meetings. I am thankful for the warmth extended to me by the Catholic community in the Bukoba Diocese, with the support of Bishop Nestor Timanywa, and to Fr. Deogracias Mwikira especially. Thanks also to the Rev. Lawrence Nshombo of the Lutheran congregation in Bukoba. Over the years, Melissa Graboyes and Alfredo Burlando, Charlotte Miller and Mattar Ali, Amy Jamison, and Beate Kasonta offered me ready friendship and hospitality in Tanzania.
In London, my thanks to Richard Meunier at the Archives of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Joanna Corden at the Archives of the Royal Society, and the gracious and efficient staff at the Wellcome Library. Maureen Watry and Adrian Allen in Liverpool guided me through the archives of the School of Tropical Medicine. My thanks to Anne Clark, Ivana Frlan, Jenny Childs, Anne George, Marc Eccleston, and others at the Cadbury Research Library at the University of Birmingham; the staff of the Royal Commonwealth Society Archives at Cambridge University; and Dan Gilfoyle and countless staff members at the National Archives in Kew. In Italy, Fr. Stefaan Minaert at the White Fathers Generalate made my research in Rome incredibly productive, as did Fr. Juan Rios and Fr. Julien Corbier. In Belgium, Pierre Dandoy and Alain Gérard, as well as Rafaël Storme at the Ministère des Affaires Etrangères et de Commerce Extérieur–Archives Africaines in Brussels were exceptionally generous with their time. My gratitude and affection to Gill and Jon Epstein and Dani Serlin, my London family, for making every landing there a smooth one.
All translations from German are my own. Katja Wezel and Gregor Thum helpfully consulted on occasion. Brandon County and Alissa Martin Webel each collaborated with me on several translations from French, with Brandon lending his particular expertise on material in White Fathers diaries and journals. I benefited greatly from the expertise of several translators of Kiswahili and Oluhaya in Tanzania and in the United States, and I acknowledge with deep appreciation Arnold Kisiraga, Irene Rwegalulira, and particularly Elpidius Rwegoshora and Nyambura Mpesha for their work in transcribing and translating both manuscript and oral historical sources. A project of such scope and duration relies on the generosity and assistance of many people; I remain fully responsible for any and all errors or omissions in this work.
This book came together over many years, in New York, Berlin, Dar es Salaam, Detroit, London, Atlanta, Pittsburgh, and Pike County, Illinois, with the enduring support of my family and friends. My love and gratitude to Rachel Allison, Lauren Oster, and Naila-Jean Meyers for caring about these epidemics and parasites, and giving me an escape from them, in New York and beyond. Deepest appreciation also to Heidi Reiner and Alex Yacoub, David and Jenny Yeend, Koren McCaffrey and Jacob Waldman, Stephen Yuhan, Joe Soldevere, Clara Burke, Amira Wolfson, Sara and Micah Myers, Kristin and Evan Ray, Lauren Herckis and Rory McCarthy, Katharina Bolze, Alexia Huffman D’Arco, Mike Bocchini, Helen Bömelburg, Eleanor Gregory Miles, and Valerie and Grant Shirk and Jen Gadda and Ben Wilhelm and their families. My immediate and extended family have been steadfast supports: Baird and Alissa Webel, Chris Hume, Jay and Karen Hume, and Nicole Pelly; Ann Williamson; Steve and Janet Webel; Craig Williamson and Renu Tipirneni; Marian and Larry Kobrin; and Rachel Kobrin. Max B. Webel, Alexandra Webel, Sophie Hume, Noa Kobrin-Brody, Adin Kobrin-Brody, Jake Hume, Tanner Hume, and Hudson Pelly deserve special mention for being wonderful companions over the years. I thank Asher Simon William Kobrin for his recent enthusiasm about how my book is going and his