sees the scroll;sees the strong angel;(hears) the cry of the angel
5:5–6
2
hear*/see
ei}don
(hears) the lion introduced;sees the sacrificed Lamb
5:7–10
1
See*/hear*
(sees) the throne room & worshippers;(hears) worship songs
5:11–13
1d
see/hear/hear
ei}donh!kousa
sees the worshippers;hears the worshippers [twice]
6:1–2
1a
see/hear/see
ei}donh!kousaei}don
sees the Lamb open the 1st seal;hears the creature say, “Come”sees the content [of the seal]
6:3–4
1a
see*/hear/see*
h!kousa
(sees) the Lamb open the 2nd seal;hears the creature say, “Come”(sees) the content [of the seal]
6:5–6
1b
see*/hear/see/hear
h!kousaei}donh!kousa
(sees) the Lamb open the 3rd seal;hears the creature say, “Come”;sees the content [of the seal];hears explanation
6:7–8
1a
see*/hear/see
h!kousaei}don
(sees) the Lamb open the 4th seal;hears the creature say, “come”sees the content (of the seal)
6:9–10
1a
see/hear*/see*
ei}don
sees the Lamb open the 5th seal;(hears) the souls under the altar(sees) the white robes [of the souls]
6:12–15
1
see/hear*
ei}don
sees the Lamb open the 6th seal;(hears) the cry of the wicked
7:1–8
1i
see/see/hear*/hear
ei}donei}donh!kousa
sees four angels holding the winds;sees the angel with the seal;(hears) the command to the 4 angels;hears the number of the tribes
7:9–17
1b
see/hear*/see*/hear*
ei}don
sees the Great Multitude;(hears) their song;(sees) the worshippers;(hears) who they are
8:1
1
see*/hear*
(sees) the opening of the 7th seal;(hears) the silence
8:6–7
1a
see*/hear*/see*
(sees) the 7 trumpets;(hears) the 1st trumpet(sees) the result
8:8–9
1a
see*/hear*/see*
(sees/hears) the 2nd trumpet angel;(sees) the result
8:10–11
1a
see*/hear*/see*
(sees/hears) the 3rd trumpet angel;(sees) the result
8:12
1a
see*/hear*/see*
(sees/hears) the 4th trumpet angel;(sees) the result
8:13
1
see/hear
ei}donh!kousa
sees the eagle;hears the eagle, “Woe, woe, woe”
9:1–12
2b
hear*/see/hear*/comment
ei}don
(hears) the 5th trumpet;sees the result;(hears) the command;[comment: v. 12]
9:13–21
2c
hear*/hear/see*/hear/see/comment
h!kousah!kousaei}don
(hears) the 6th trumpet;hears the voice from the altar;(sees) the result;hears the number of troops;sees the troops;[comment: vv. 20–21]
10:1–4
1
see/hear
ei}donh!kousa
sees the mighty angel;hears the 7 thunders and voice
10:5–11
1
see/hear
ei}donh!kousa
sees the mighty angel;hears the angel’s message;
11:15–19
2
hear*/see
w1fqh
(hears) the 7th trumpet and worshippers;sees the Ark of the Covenant
12:1–12
1h
See/see/hear/see*
w1fqhw1fqhh!kousa
sees the sun clothed woman;sees the red dragon;hears loud voices;(sees) the conflict
13:1–10
1j
see/see/comment
ei}donei}don
sees the beast from the sea;sees the beasts’ description;[comment vv. 9–10]
14:1–5
1e
see/hear/comment
ei}donh!kousa
sees the Lamb with the 144,000;hears the heavenly singers & harpists;[comment: vv. 3b–5]
14:6–7
1
see/hear*
ei}don
sees the angel in midair;(hears) the angel’s message
14:8
1
see*/hear*
(sees) a 2nd angel;(hears) the angel’s message
14:9–13
1e
see*/hear*/comment*
(sees) a 3rd angel;(hears) the angel’s message;[comment: v. 12]
14:14–16
1
see/hear*
ei}don
sees a figure on the cloud;(hears) the call to reap
14:17–19
1f
see*/hear*/comment
(sees) the angel with the sickle and the angel from the altar;(hears) the call to reap;[comment: v. 20]
15:1–4
1g
see/see/hear*
ei}donei}don
sees 7 angels with bowls;sees the group before the throne;(hears) the group’s song
16:1–7
2a
hear/see*/hear
h!kousah!kousa
hears the voice from the temple;(sees) the 1st three angels;hears 2 affirmations
16:12–16
1j
see*/see/comment
ei}don
(sees) the 6th angel pouring;sees the 3 evil spirits;[comment: vv. 14–16]
16:17–21
1c
*see/hear*/see*/comment
(sees) the 7th angel pouring;(hears) a voice from the throne;(sees) the results of the pouring;[comment: v. 21b]
17:1–14
1f
see*/hear*/see/hear*/comment
ei}don
(sees) one of the 7 angels;(hears) the angel’s message;sees the woman on the scarlet beast;(hears) the angel’s explanation;[comment: vv. 9–14]
18:1–24
1d
see/hear*/hear
ei}donh!kousa
sees angel from heaven;(hears) the angel’s message;hears another voice from heaven
19:1–21:8
2
hear/see
h!kousaei}don
hears the worshippers;sees a visions of God’s judgments
21:9–22:5
2
hear/see
h!kousaei}don
hears one of the 7 angels;sees multiple visions of God’s reign
1. See the Apocalypse of Baruch, Enoch, IV Ezra, and parts of Ezekiel and Daniel.
2. Robert H. Mounce, The Book of Revelation (NICNT; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1977); J. Massynberde Ford, Revelation (AB 38; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1975); Elizabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, Revelation: Vision of a Just World (Proclamation Commentaries; Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1991).
3. David E. Aune, Revelation 6–16 (WBC 52B; Nashville, TN: Nelson, 1998), 373.
4. George B. Caird, The Revelation of St. John (San Francisco, CA: Harper, 1966), 96.
5. See also J. P. M. Sweet, Revelation (PNTC; London: SCM, 1979), 150–51.
6. Richard Bauckham, The Climax of Prophecy: Studies on the Book of Revelation (Edinburgh: Clark, 1993), 216.
7. Steve Moyise, The Old Testament in the Book of Revelation (JSNTSup 115; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1995), 132.
8. For some analysis of this issue see David L. Barr, “The Apocalypse as a Symbolic Transformation of the World: A Literary Analysis,” Int 38 (1984): 39–50.
9. Gregory K. Beale, The Book of Revelation (NIGTC; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1999), 425. For an extensive analysis of the ‘hearing’ formula in Revelation, see also Anne-Marit Enroth, “The Hearing Formula in the Book of Revelation,” NTS 36 (1990): 598–608. Her analysis, however, does not relate hearing to “seeing.”
10. Rebecca Skaggs and Thomas Doyle, “Lion/Lamb in Revelation,” Currents in Biblical Research 7/3 (2009): 362–75.
