Olonkho. P. A. Oyunsky
gods
9The Sunny Deities from the Upper World
10The Lord of Ajarais – demons – from the Upper World
11His wife
12One of the layers of the sky
13Utugen, nyuken etugen, tuptur etugen, is represented in Sakha as a name of the Under World, hell, the place where monsters live
14Toyuk – a traditional folk song of a melancholic character
15Sakha believe that their World, like an island of relative peace and stability, lies in an ocean and is surrounded by water. Oceans and water have negative connotation for the Sakha
16Baigal – large water basin or ocean
17An olonkho epic performer
18Title or way of addressing a rich, powerful man, close to the status of lord or knight
19Demons from the Under World. Another name is Ajarais
20Name the Sakha/Yakut people use for themselves
21Here and below – the names of epic performers who really existed
22The Supreme Deity, The White Lord of the Upper World and the Universe
231) Abundance, favour, benevolence, grace; or 2) Energy. Often used as a metaphor for food
24Title or way of addressing a rich, powerful woman, close to the status of Lady
25Aiyy – divine
26A shamaness.
27One of the demons
28One of the demons’ lords, ‘suor’ means ‘raven’
29A dale or valley usually with a lake in the middle.
30Demoness, evil spirit of the ocean
31Epic performer
32Epic performer
33Her husband, the great lord of demons
34Epic performer
35Epic performer
36Abyss – entrance to the Under World
37Abyss – entrance to the Under World
38A great demoness, wife of the Lord of the Under World
39The demon’s tribe
40Lord of Ajarais – Upper World demons
41The Sakha epic about the feats of heroes
42Epic performer, woman
43Epic performer
44Batas, a Sakha weapon, similar to a long, wide knife with a long handle
45Frogs, lizards, bugs, snakes – traditionally associated with evil in Sakha mythology
46Another name of the descendants of the Sunny Deities. ‘Kun’ means ‘sun’
47Another name of the humans, descendants of the Sunny deities
48Three laughing abysses – entrances to the Under World
49Three gods of fate
50Their assistant and chronicler
51The Upper world is inhabited by both good Sunny Deities on upper layers and evil demons Ajarais on the lower ones
52Moon and Sun and also some stars and constellations are traditional gods in the Sakha pantheon
53Branches and twigs of young birch trees
54The son of the God of Sun, patron of horses
55His wife
56Another demons’ lord
57Epithets ‘icy’, ‘cold’, etc. point to the evil nature of the phenomenon or a person
58Legendary blacksmith
59‘Uot’ ‘fiery’ a traditional epithet applied to both good and evil characters
60One of demons’ lords
61Kharis – measure of length, equal to the distance between the tops of stretched thumb and middle finger
62Legendary chronicler and story-teller
63His assistant
64Dwelling
65Here and before – names of spirits of hunting and the forest
66Goddess of fertility, patroness of women, children and cattle
67‘Silver’ means ‘white’
68Goddess of fertility like Ekhsit. Often they are presented as one goddess
69A wooden bowl used for drinking
70Sakha traditional fermented mare’s milk which is also typical of other Turkic peoples
71Goddess of nature
72‘White’ means ‘divine’
73Evil spirit of the road
74Bones are used in shamanistic rituals but only evil spirits use human bones
75Usually the name of a natural phenomenon – abyss, road, ocean, etc., is the name of their spirits
76Here and below – typical exclamations of demons
77Names of famous demons
78A legendary couple – foreparents of Sakha
79Loose ends of woven fabric
80A thick rope made with horse hair which was tied to two posts and to which a foal was tethered during milking
81A place where festivals are traditionally celebrated
82Bylas: 2.134 metres
83Copper, gold, golden, silver, and other names of metals are traditional epithets used as a compliment to someone’s appearance or richness
84i.e. Ekhsit
85The image of the mare is connected with the cult of the horse in Sakha mythology
86Traditional way of addressing old or noble ladies
87Here and there – human-beings
88Sakha ‘kun’ means ‘sun’
89A cone-shaped summer house covered with birch bark, cortex or deer leather. Variant of urasa
90An Ekhsit/Aiyyhyt farewell ceremony: people demonstrate their joy and happiness after the visit of the goddess and put butter on their faces to look satisfied and happy
91Valley
92Demons have features of animals
93Famous demon-Ajarai from the Upper World
94The god of thunder
95Famous demon-Ajarai from the Upper World
96Demon-dragon from the Under World, the spirit of the abyss
97Demoness
98Famous