Capitalism’s Crises. Alfredo Saad-Filho

Capitalism’s Crises - Alfredo Saad-Filho


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estimated at twenty-six per cent while the US is at sixteen per cent.

      7 According to The New York Times (12 November 2014), China plans to have its CO2 emissions peak by 2030, while the US plans to cut emissions by twenty-six to twenty-eight per cent from 2005 levels by 2025, which would merely drop US emission output from a high of 6 billion metric tonnes to about 4.5 billion metric tonnes. However, even this is way less than what Obama pledged in the 2009 Copenhagen accord, which was more along the lines of 3.2 billion metric tonnes as a voluntary target, compared with 1.5 billion tonnes in the US–China agreement.

      8 The planet has also experienced the hottest years on record over the past decade, with scientists confirming that 2014 was the hottest year in the history of climatology. See http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/17/science/earth/2014-was-hottest-year-on-record-surpassing-2010.html?emc=edit_th_20150117&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=69791458&_r=0.

      9 Cock J. ‘The political economy of food in South Africa’, Amandla Magazine 37/38, December 2014.

      10 Hilary (2013: 121) suggests 400 million of the 525 million farms that are estimated to exist across the world are classified as small farms (i.e. under two hectares). These farms belong mainly to the global peasantry and provide most food staples required on the planet.

      11 Wolin (2008) refers to this as ‘managed democracy’ and cautions that the American political system and its imperial aspirations are displaying a tendency towards ‘inverted totalitarianism’.

      12 See Gill (2001) for an elaboration of this concept in relation to the neoliberalisation of the European Union.

      REFERENCES

      Bello, W. 2013. Capitalism’s Last Stand? Deglobalisation in the Age of Austerity. London and New York: Zed Books.

      Hilferding, R. (1910) 1981. Finance Capital: A Study of the Latest Phase of Capitalist Development. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

      Hobson, J.A. (1902) 2006. Imperialism: A Study. New York: Cosmo.


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