Многоликое средневековье (сборник). Константин Алексеевич Иванов

Многоликое средневековье (сборник) - Константин Алексеевич Иванов


Скачать книгу
произведение принадлежит трубадуру XII в. Маркабрю (Marcabrus). В этом грациозном стихотворении упоминаются второй крестовый поход, крайне неудачный для христиан, и французский король Людовик VII, его предпринявший.

      9

      Стихотворение Бертрана де Борна. См. нашу книгу «Средневековый город».

      10

      Катапульта, предназначавшаяся для метания больших стрел, имела вид арбалета; крепкая тетива натягивалась при помощи ворота; стрелу клали на желоб. Ставились катапульты на платформы с колесами. Другая машина древних, баллиста, метала камни. Впоследствии и катапульты стали называться баллистами.

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
Скачать книгу