Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Группа авторов

      1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  Preface

      5  Contributors

      6  Part 1: Principles of clinical pharmacology 1 Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics Introduction Principles of drug action (pharmacodynamics) Mechanism of drug action Principles of pharmacokinetics Principles of drug elimination Clinical pharmacokinetics: dosage individualisation Clinical examples of therapeutic drug monitoring Influence of renal function on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Prescribing for the young and the elderly Drugs in pregnant and breastfeeding women 2 Clinical trials and drug development Introduction Drug discovery Models of drug development Clinical trials 3 Pharmacoeconomics: the economic evaluation of new drugs Introduction – why do we need economic evaluations? Economic evaluation Perspective Costs Linking costs to benefits Cost‐minimisation analysis Cost‐effectiveness analysis Cost–benefit analysis Cost–utility analysis Why use CUA and QALYs? How are the constituent parts of QALYs estimated? How is cost‐effectiveness then assessed? Sensitivity analysis Pharmacoeconomics and decision‐making REFERENCES 4 Practical prescribing Good prescribing: questions to ask yourself before prescribing a drug Writing the prescription: practical aspects General pointers on good prescribing Adverse drug reactions Drug allergy Drug interactions Emergency prescribing

      7  Part 2: Aspects of prescribing 5 Gastrointestinal system Introduction Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease Drugs used in the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease Drugs used in the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease Drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretion Drugs that act on oesophageal and/or gastric motility Peptic ulcer Drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer Drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer Drug combinations to eradicate H. pylori Nausea and vomiting Drugs used in treatment of vomiting Diarrhoea and constipation Inflammatory bowel disease Drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease – (box/flow chart for management of IBD) New treatments (often second line) Drugs adversely affecting gastrointestinal function 6 Cardiovascular system Introduction Angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes Cardiac arrhythmia Class I agents Class II agents Class III agents Class IV agents Adenine nucleotides Heart