Cryptocommunism. Mark Alizart

      1 1. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, The Communist Manifesto: A Modern Edition (London: Verso, 2010), 61.

      2 2. In his 1878 book Anti-Duhring.

      3 3. Marx and Engels, Communist Manifesto, 62.

      4 4. See Karl Marx, Critique of Hegel’s ‘Philosophy of Right’ [1843], translated by Annette John and Joseph O’Malley (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977).

      5 5. The Fed was created in 1913, but did not achieve real independence until 1978, notably under the influence of the work of Milton Friedman, who was close to Hayek. The independence of the US Supreme Court is quite obviously of a different order, as an institution that precedes neoliberalism by two centuries. Marx, however, always held that the doctrine of the separation of powers that justified its existence represented the very birth of the bourgeois state.