Veterinary Endoscopy for the Small Animal Practitioner. Группа авторов
of rhinoscopy in a ...Figure 4.53 Fresh blood adhered to the surface of a visible tumor in the nas...Figure 4.54 A fresh blood clot from a recent bleeding episode that has not u...Figure 4.55 Abnormal material in the nasal cavity of a 12‐year‐old Brittany ...Figure 4.56 Clotted blood from a recent bleeding episode that formed into a ...Figure 4.57 Clotted blood in the same patient as Figure 4.56 in a different ...Figure 4.58 A smooth mass of clotted blood that has changed from red to a br...Figure 4.59 This clotted blood has changed from red to purple forming a larg...Figure 4.60 A purple blood clot that has formed a lobulated structure.Figure 4.61 A small blood clot‐like structure protruding between turbinates ...Figure 4.62 An organized blood clot‐like structure that appears encapsulated...Figure 4.63 A dark blood clot‐like structure with a ragged surface and stran...Figure 4.64 Ragged vascular appearing tissue that is mostly white structure ...Figure 4.65 Blood clot‐like material with three different appearances in one...Figure 4.66 The internal appearance of a blood clot‐like structure following...Figure 4.67 The internal appearance of a blood clot‐like mass with organized...Figure 4.68 Free mucopurulent exudate obscuring visibility of tumor surface ...Figure 4.69 Free bloody exudate in the nasal cavity of a dog with a nasal ma...Figure 4.70 Mucopurulent exudate that is adherent to the surface of a neopla...Figure 4.71 Large numerous blood vessels visible on the surface of a smooth ...Figure 4.72 Numerous small irregular blood vessels on the surface of a solid...Figure 4.73 Sparse small blood vessels in a solid smooth mass in the nasal c...Figure 4.74 Red coloration of a solid smooth nasal mass indicating significa...Figure 4.75 A smooth solid avascular‐appearing neoplastic mass in the nose o...Figure 4.76 A solid smooth avascular‐appearing neoplastic nasal mass in a do...Figure 4.77 An irregular solid nasal mass with an avascular appearance.Figure 4.78 A pink irregular solid neoplastic mass in the nasal cavity of a ...Figure 4.79 A dense red solid irregular mass in the nasal cavity of a dog.Figure 4.80 An irregular neoplastic nasal mass in a dog with sparse small bl...Figure 4.81 Numerous small irregular blood vessels in a solid irregular nasa...Figure 4.82 Numerous large prominent blood vessels in an irregular solid neo...Figure 4.83 A lobulated avascular appearing neoplastic nasal mass in a 14‐ye...Figure 4.84 The roughened surface of a neoplastic nasal mass.Figure 4.85 An unusual striated surface of a neoplastic mass in the nasal ca...Figure 4.86 A ragged tumor surface of a squamous cell carcinoma immediately ...Figure 4.87 A large neoplastic nasal mass with a red polypoid surface. Also ...Figure 4.88 A small polypoid neoplastic mass in the nasal cavity of an eight...Figure 4.89 A fimbriated neoplastic nasal mass with large blood vessels in t...Figure 4.90 A fimbriated neoplastic nasal mass with small blood vessels in t...Figure 4.91 A smooth cystic avascular neoplastic nasal mass with clear appea...Figure 4.92 A smooth cystic avascular neoplastic nasal mass with blue colora...Figure 4.93 A close‐up image of an avascular cystic mass showing that there ...Figure 4.94 A small avascular clear cystic projection from a nasal neoplasti...Figure 4.95 A sheet of avascular blue cystic‐appearing neoplastic tissue in ...Figure 4.96 A turbinate‐shaped avascular blue cystic structure in a dog with...Figure 4.97 A white avascular‐appearing cystic neoplastic lesion in the nasa...Figure 4.98 A pink cystic avascular‐appearing structure in the nasal cavity ...Figure 4.99 A red neoplastic cyst filled with fresh blood in the nasal cavit...Figure 4.100 Small sparse blood vessels in the wall of a neoplastic cyst in ...Figure 4.101 Numerous larger blood vessels visible in a neoplastic nasal cys...Figure 4.102 Large prominent blood vessels in the wall of a cystic neoplasti...Figure 4.103 Nasal neoplasia with solid vascular and solid avascular portion...Figure 4.104 Cystic avascular and solid vascular neoplastic tissue adjacent ...Figure 4.105 Solid vascular and solid avascular tissue in the same neoplasti...Figure 4.106 Cystic vascular tissue, solid irregular vascular tissue, and ro...Figure 4.107 Solid smooth avascular‐appearing neoplastic nasal tissue adjace...Figure 4.108 A cystic avascular‐appearing nasal tumor with an area of cyst w...Figure 4.109 Greenish coloration of a neuroendocrine tumor in the area of th...Figure 4.110 An area of gray tumor appearing in an area of normally pigmente...Figure 4.111 A nasal tumor with an unusual speckled surface.Figure 4.112 Internal tumor tissue following biopsy of a mass revealing a fr...Figure 4.113 Solid white internal tumor tissue exposed with biopsy of a nasa...Figure 4.114 A nasal tumor that has ruptured prior to rhinoscopy exposing in...Figure 4.115 A smooth vascular red‐appearing nasopharyngeal polyp in a one‐y...Figure 4.116 A smooth avascular white appearing nasopharyngeal polyp in a fo...Figure 4.117 An irregular vascular purple‐appearing nasopharyngeal polyp in ...Figure 4.118 A multicolored nasopharyngeal polyp visible in the nasopharynx ...Figure 4.119 A nasopharyngeal polyp attached to the stalk where it exits the...Figure 4.120 Two‐millimeter biopsy forceps passed from the nasopharynx into ...Figure 4.121 The eustachian tube after removal of the nasopharyngeal portion...Figure 4.122 The middle ear portion of a nasopharyngeal polyp seen with a 1....Figure 4.123 A small nasal tumor that is extending between turbinates with l...Figure 4.124 The site or origin of a nasal tumor, or invasion of tumor into ...Figure 4.125 A unilateral nasal tumor extending caudally into and completely...Figure 4.126 Extension of unilateral nasal neoplasia caudal to the septum as...Figure 4.127 A solid irregular avascular‐appearing unilateral mass extending...Figure 4.128 A cystic avascular bluish extension of a unilateral neoplasia c...Figure 4.129 A smooth neoplastic mass extending caudal to the nasal septum t...Figure 4.130 Adhesions of turbinates to the nasal septum in the contralatera...Figure 4.131 Displacement of the nasal septum to the contralateral side by a...Figure 4.132 A view of the contralateral nasal cavity with invasion of the n...Figure 4.133 Penetration of the nasal septum into the contralateral nasal ca...Figure 4.134 Penetration of the nasal septum into the contralateral nasal ca...Figure 4.135 Biopsy forceps placed to remove solid tumor tissue under endosc...Figure 4.136 Biopsy forceps placed to remove an area of cystic tumor tissue ...Figure 4.137 Tumor tissue is removed with biopsy forceps or rongeurs until t...Figure 4.138 Using the diode laser to control bleeding during tumor debulkin...Figure 4.139 The diode laser being used to vaporize tissue as part of the tu...Figure 4.140 Completed resection of a nasal tumor with a narrow attachment a...Figure 4.141 The diode laser has been used to provide hemostasis and vaporiz...Figure 4.142 Using biopsy forceps to remove additional tissue following diod...Figure 4.143 A large nasal septal defect created by debulking a tumor that h...Figure 4.144 An adequate airway has been re‐established by removal of tumor ...Figure 4.145 Completion of nasal tumor debulking when adequate neoplastic ti...Figure 4.146 Completion of nasal tumor debulking when a total turbinectomy h...Figure 4.147 Completion of a nasal tumor debulking procedure due to inabilit...Figure 4.148 Continued active bleeding after extensive tumor debulking and t...Figure 4.149 Application of a hemostatic powder achieved immediate hemostasi...Figure 4.150 A neoplastic clear‐walled irregular avascular‐appearing cyst wi...Figure 4.151 Rapid drainage of the cyst following laser penetration. The cys...Figure 4.152 Drainage of the cyst allows the cyst wall to shrink changing fr...Figure 4.153 A solid smooth nasal mass with varied coloration but no visible...Figure 4.154 At reoperation three weeks after the initial procedure in the c...Figure 4.155 Reoperation of a nasal tumor that at initial operation was an e...Figure 4.156 A large quantity of mucopurulent exudate in the nasal cavity of...Figure 4.157 Thick viscous mucopurulent exudate seen between nasal turbinate...Figure 4.158 Mucopurulent exudate covering and adhering to a fungal colony o...Figure 4.159 Thick viscous mucopurulent exudate extending caudal to the nasa...Figure 4.160 Decreased turbinate thickness with increased interturbinate spa...Figure 4.161 Early mild change in turbinate shape due to mycotic rhinitis in...Figure 4.162 Mild loss of turbinate height with turbinate thickening in a do...Figure 4.163 Mild loss of turbinate bulk with loss of both height and thickn...Figure 4.164 Marked turbinate distortion in a dog with mycotic rhinitis.Figure 4.165 Marked distortion of the ethmoidal turbinates in a dog with an Figure 4.166 Turbinate destruction and loss of turbinate support from remain...Figure 4.167 An end‐stage nasal cavity with a nasal fungal infection and alm...Figure 4.168 Marked hyperemia of the nasal turbinate mucosa and mild turbina...Figure 4.169 Fine roughening of the nasal turbinate mucosa in response to a ...Figure 4.170 A patient with a nasal Aspergillus infection showing coarse rou...Figure 4.171 Variable mucosal roughening on the nasal septum of the dog seen...Figure 4.172 Fine uniform roughening of the nasal septum mucosa of a dog wit...Figure 4.173 Increased vascularity of the turbinate mucosa in a dog with myc...Figure 4.174 An increased visible vascular pattern in the nasopharynx of a d...Figure 4.175 Replacement of nasal mucosa with granulation tissue in direct c...Figure 4.176 An adhesion between a nasal turbinate and the nasal septum in a...Figure 4.177 Individual small white nodules representing inflammatory polyps...Figure 4.178 Inflammatory polyps on the dorsal wall of the