Police in America. Steven G. Brandl
41
specialization 39
street-level bureaucracy 42
tactical enforcement unit (TEU) 50
Questions for Discussion and Review
Take a practice quiz at edge.sagepub.com/brandl2e.
1 How might police officer salary differences among police departments located in the same general area affect policing in those agencies?
2 Police are often described as bureaucracies. Explain.
3 Police departments have also been described as being monopolies. What does this mean? What are the implications of police departments being monopolies?
4 What are the most significant challenges associated with managing police organizations?
5 How are large and small police departments the same? How are they different?
6 List and briefly discuss the major operating units in police departments.
7 What are the different types of law enforcement agencies at the state level?
8 Why do you think there are law enforcement agencies at each level of government?
9 What is the Clery Act and what is its purpose?
10 Identify and discuss the law enforcement agencies located in the Department of Justice and Department of Homeland Security.
Fact or Fiction Answers
1 Fact
2 Fiction
3 Fact
4 Fact
5 Fiction
6 Fact
7 Fiction
8 Fiction
9 Fiction
10 Fiction
Media Library
View these videos and more in the interactive eBook version of this text!
Career Video
3.1: Communicating Effectively in a Structured Environment
SAGE News Clip
3.1: Chicago Police Get ‘De-Escalation’ Training
3.2: Street Gang Suspects Held After LA Raids
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Back to Figure
$31,430 to $47,080: Oklahoma, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Puerto Rico. $47,440 to $56,920: Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico, South Dakota, Kansas, Michigan, Indiana, Maine, New Hampshire, Virginia, and North Carolina. $56,420 to $66,640: Arizona, North Dakota, Nebraska, Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Florida, Maryland, Rhode Island, and Vermont. $68,190 to $100,090: Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Alaska, Colorado, Illinois, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Delaware.
Back to Figure
Data from the graph, presented in the format, number of citizens served by the department: percent of full-time male sworn personnel, percent of full-time female sworn personnel, are as follows. 2,499 or fewer: 93.9, 6.1. 2,500 to 9,999: 92.5, 7.5. 10,000 to 24,999: 92.2, 7.8. 25,000 to 49,999: 91.2, 8.8. 50,000 to 99,999: 90.3, 9.7. 100,000 to 249,999: 88.2, 11.8. 250,000 to 499,999: 85.4, 14.6. 500,000 to 999,999: 83.6, 16.4. 1,000,000 or more: 82.4, 17.6. All sizes: 87.8, 12.2.
Back to Figure
The mayor heads the city administrator, who in turn heads the chief of police. The chief of police controls the patrol division and the support division. In the patrol division, the lieutenant is the head of the night watch and the day watch. The night watch includes police officer under a sergeant in blue and in silver. The day watch includes police officer. In the support division, the sergeant heads the community service officer and admin assistant. The count for full-time staff is as follows. Chief of police: 1, lieutenant: 1, sergeant: 3, police officer: 9, sworn: 14, common service officer: 1, admin assistant: 1, and civilian: 2. The count for part-time staff is as follows. Admin assistant: 1, common service officer: 1, and civilian: 2.
Back to Figure
Captain-Bureau of Field Operations and Administrative Services, and Internal Affairs are under the Chief of Police. Patrol and traffic divisions are under the Captain-Bureau of Field Operations. Communication and network security or system administrator, detective division, community and staff development division, and civilian staff are under Captain-Bureau of Administrative Services.
Back to Figure
The Chief of Police, art acevedo, controls the investigative and special operations, field and support operations, office of budget and finance, office of public affairs, and office of legal services. The investigative and special operations head the criminal investigations command, special investigations command, organizational development command, homeland security command, and office of technology services. The criminal investigations command includes burglary and theft, homicide, juvenile, major assaults and family violence, robbery, and special victims. The special investigations command includes auto theft, criminal intelligence, major offenders, narcotics, and vice. Organizational development command includes employee services, inspections, psychological services, recruiting, and training. Homeland security command includes air and marine, airport hobby, airport IAH, special operations, and tactical operations. Field and support operations head patrol support command, patrol region 1 command, patrol region 2 command, and office of planning. Patrol support command includes crime analysis and command center, emergency communications, jail, property, records, and traffic enforcement. Patrol region 1 command includes Central, Kingwood, North, North belt, Northeast, and Gang. Patrol region 2 command includes Clear Lake, Downtown, Eastside, South Central, Southeast, vehicular crimes, Midwest, Northwest, South Gessner, Southwest, Westside, and mental health. Office of legal services heads the internal affairs.
Back to Figure
New York City, New York: 36,378. Chicago, Illinois: 12,383. Los Angeles, California: 9,998. Philadelphia, PA: 6,558. Houston, Texas: 5,221.
Back to Figure
Los Angeles County, California: 9,413. Broward County, Florida: 3,188. San Diego County, California: 2,601. Harris County, Texas: 2,250. San Bernardino, California: 1,957.
4 The Role of the Police
© iStockphoto.com/kali9
Objectives
After reading this chapter you will be able to:
4.1 Discuss the various reasons why we have the police
4.2 Explain why law enforcement is important and controversial even though relatively little time is spent doing it
4.3 Identify why crime control is controversial
4.4 Explain why the police may have an impossible mandate
4.5 Describe the difficulties associated with officers deterring criminal behavior
4.6 Evaluate why the authority to use force is critical to the police role
4.7 Discuss law enforcement, order maintenance,