Mapping the Social Landscape. Группа авторов
group has a clue where to take it beyond the parking lot of 7-Eleven.
So they end up stranded in teenage wasteland. They devote their lives to their bands, to their friends, to partying; they live in the moment. They’re going down in flames, taking literally the notion that “rust never sleeps,” that it is “better to burn out than fade away.” While left-leaning adults have valorized the politically minded punks and right-wing groups have engaged some fascistic skins, nobody really thinks too much about organizing dirts or burnouts. Law enforcement officials, special education teachers, and drug treatment facilities are the adults who are concerned with these kids.
Such wasted suburban kids are typically not politically “correct,” nor do they constitute an identifiable segment of the industrial working class. They are not members of a specific racial or ethnic minority, and they have few political advocates. Only on the political issues of abortion and the death penalty for minors will wasted teenage girls and boys be likely to find adults in their corner.
Small in numbers, isolated in decaying suburbs, they aren’t visible on any national scale until they are involved in something that really horrifies us, like a suicide pact, or parricide, or incest, or “satanic” sacrifice. For the most part, burnouts and dirtbags are anomic small-town white boys and girls, just trying to get through the day. Their way of fighting back is to have enough fun to kill themselves before everything else does….
In the scheme of things, average American kids who don’t have rich or well-connected parents have had these choices: Play the game and try to get ahead. Do what your parents did—work yourself to death at a menial job and find solace in beer, God, or family. Or take risks, cut deals, or break the law. The Reagan years made it hard for kids to “put their noses to the grindstone” as their parents had. Like everyone, these people hoped for better lives. But they lived in an age of inflated expectations and diminishing returns. Big and fast money was everywhere, and ever out of reach. America now had an economy that worked sort of like a cocaine high—propped up by hot air and big debt. The substance was absent. People’s lives were like that too, and at times they were crashing hard.
In the meantime, wherever you were, you could still dream of becoming spectacular. A special talent could be your ticket out. Long Island kids had role models in bands like the Crumbsuckers, Ludichrist, Twisted Sister, Steve Vai, and Pat Benatar. North Jersey was full of sports celebrities and rock millionaires—you grew up hoping you’d end up like Mike Tyson or Jon Bon Jovi. Or like Keith Richards, whose father worked in a factory; or Ozzy, who also came from a grim English factory town, a hero who escaped the drudge because he was spectacular. This was the hip version of the American dream.
Kids who go for the prize now understand there are only two choices— rise to the top or crash to the bottom. Many openly admit that they would rather end it all now than end up losers. The nine-to-five world, corporate grunt life, working at the same job for 30 years, that’s not for them. They’d prefer to hold out until the last possibility and then just piss on it all. The big easy or the bottomless pit, but never the everyday drone. And as long as there are local heroes and stories, you can still believe you have a chance to emerge from the mass as something larger than life. You can still play the great lottery and dream.
Schools urge kids to make these choices as early as possible, in a variety of ways. In the terse words of the San Francisco hardcore band MDC: There’s no such thing as cheating in a loser’s game. Many kids who start out as nobody from nowhere with nothing will end up that way. Nevertheless, everyone pretends that everything is possible if you give it your best shot. We actually believe it. While educators hope to be as efficient as possible in figuring out where unspectacular students can plug into the workforce, kids try to play at being one in a million, some way of shining, even if it’s just for a while….
Girls get slightly different choices. They may hope to become spectacular by virtue of their talents and their beauty. Being the girlfriend of a guy in a band means you might get to live in his mansion someday if you stick it out with him during the lean years. You might just end up like Bon Jovi’s high school sweetheart, or married to someone like Cinderella’s lead singer—he married his hometown girlfriend and helped set her up in her own business. These are suburban fairy tales.
Around here, some girls who are beautiful and talented hope to become stars, too, like Long Island’s local products Debbie Gibson and Taylor Dayne. Some hope to be like actress Heather Locklear and marry someone really hot like Motley Cruë’s drummer, Tommy Lee. If you could just get to the right place at the right time.
But most people from New Jersey and Long Island or anywhere else in America don’t end up rich and famous. They have some fun trying, though, and for a while life isn’t bad at all.
Yet, if you are unspectacular—not too book-smart, of average looks and moderate creative ability—there have always been places for you. Much of your teachers’ efforts will be devoted to your more promising peers, and so will your nation’s resources. But your parents will explain to you that this is the way it is, and early on, you will know to expect very little from school.
There are still a few enclaves, reservations. The shop and crafting culture of your parents’ class of origin is one pocket of refuge. In the vocational high school, your interests are rewarded, once you have allowed yourself to be dumped there. And if the skills you gather there don’t really lead to anything much, there’s always the military.
Even though half the kids in America today will never go to college, the country still acts as if they will. At least, most schools seem to be set up to prepare you for college. And if it’s not what you can or want to do, their attitude is tough shit, it’s your problem.
And your most devoted teachers at vocational high school will never tell you that the training you will get from them is barely enough to get your foot in the door. You picture yourself getting into something with a future only to find that your skills are obsolete, superficial, and the boss prefers people with more training, more experience, more promise. So you are stuck in dead-end “youth employment jobs,” and now what?
According to the William T. Grant Commission on Work, Family and Citizenship, 20 million people between the ages of 16 and 24 are not likely to go to college. The “forgotten half,” as youth advocates call them, will find jobs in service and retail. But the money is bad, only half that of typical manufacturing jobs. The good, stable jobs that don’t require advanced training have been disappearing rapidly. From 1979 to 1985 the U.S.A. suffered a net loss of 1.7 million manufacturing jobs. What’s left?
In my neighborhood, the shipping and warehousing jobs that guys like the Grinders took, hedging their bets against rock stardom, are now seen as “good jobs” by the younger guys at Metal 24. I am regularly asked to … “find out if they’re hiring” down at [the] shipping company. Dead-end kids around here who aren’t working with family are working “shit jobs.”
The skills used in a typical “shit job” … involve slapping rancid butter on stale hard rolls, mopping the floor, selling Lotto tickets, making sure shelves and refrigerators are clean, sorting and stacking magazines, taking delivery on newspapers, and signing out videos. They are also advised to look out for shoplifters, to protect the register, and to be sure that the surveillance camera is running. Like most kids in shit jobs, they are most skilled at getting over on the boss and in developing strategies to ward off boredom. It is not unusual to see kids at the supermarket cash register or the mall clothing shop standing around with a glazed look in their eyes. And you will often hear them complain of boredom, tiredness, or whine: I can’t wait to get out of here. Usually, in shit jobs this is where it begins and ends. There aren’t many alternatives.
Everywhere, such kids find getting into a union or having access to supervisory or managerial tracks hard to come by. Some forms of disinvestment are more obvious than others. In a company town, you will be somewhat clear about what is going on. At the end of the 1980s, the defense industry of Long Island seemed threatened; people feared that their lives would soon be devastated.
But the effect of a changing economic order on most kids only translates into scrambling for a new safety zone. It is mostly expressed