enough for three vessels, with walls twenty ells high.
Gate of St. George, Antwerp
122
The gate as it appeared about the middle of the sixteenth century (Peter Bruegel the elder: Bibl. Royale de Belgique), showing also the long covered waggon which was practically the only land conveyance in use, apart from litters.
Painted between 1573 and 1579; from a Stammbuch (British Museum MS. Egerton 1191). Concerning these mountebanks the French traveller Villamont writes in 1588, 'And if it happens that they [i.e. the 'sights' of Venice] bore you, go and look at the 'charlatans' in St. Mark's Place, mounted on platforms, enlarging on the virtues of their wares, with musicians by their side.'
Public Executions
136
The "Supplicium Sceleri Froenum" of Jacques Callot (1592–1635). The first state of the etching seems to be unobtainable for reproduction, this being from a photograph (the only one hitherto reproduced?) of one of the better copies of the second state, almost equally rare in a good condition (Dresden Museum).
Dangers of the Northern Seas
156
According to Münster's "Cosmographie" 1575 (ii. 1724).
Montserrat and its hermitages, with the Madonna and Child in the foreground and two pilgrims. From British Museum Harleian MS. 3822, folio 596. The two pilgrims are obviously the writer of the manuscript, Diego Cuelbis, of Leipzig, and his companion, Joel Koris. They visited Montserrat in 1599.
An Irish Dinner
178
Referring more particularly to the MacSweynes, "whose usages," says the author, John Derricke, in his "Image of Irelande," 1581, "I beheld after the fashion there set down." From the copy (the only complete one known) in the Drummond Collection in the Library of the University of Edinburgh. The cut also illustrates the contrasts in Irish life as seen by the foreigner, referred to in the chapter on Ireland.
An Example of Turkish Fine Art
190
Miniature illustrating some of the characteristics of Turkish art which Della Valle and other contemporary travellers prized so highly. The brilliant colouring of the original throws into relief much detail in the flowers which is necessarily lost in reproduction. (From Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 15,153; a copy of the Turkish translation of the Fables of Bidpai, dated 1589.)
Pilgrims leaving Jaffa for Jerusalem, 1581
210
From the MS. of Sébastien Werro, curé of Fribourg (Bibl. de la Société Economique de Fribourg). Showing also the fort at Jaffa, the caves in which pilgrims had to lodge until permission was given to depart, and the peremptory methods of the Turks when a pilgrim got out of the line of march.
At Mount Sinai
222
From Christopher Fürer's "Itinerarium" (1566).
Arms of a Jerusalem Pilgrim
238
Arms of Sébastien Werro, curé of Fribourg, Switzerland, surmounted by the arms of the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, showing that he received that knighthood on the occasion of his pilgrimage thither, 1581. The title-page of the account of his journey written by himself (Bibl. de la Société Economique de Fribourg).
Two German Kitchens
254
The 'fat' and the 'lean.' Plates 58 and 63 of J. T. de Bry's "Proscenium Vitæ Humanæ" ("Emblemata Sæcularia"). From the copy of the first edition (1596) in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
German Bathing-Places
268
From Münster's Cosmography; two of the woodcuts are from the French edition of 1575 (ii. 1020–21), the other from the Latin edition of 1550. Visitors to Berlin will find the subject more artistically illustrated by the "Jugendbrunnen" of Lucas Cranach the younger, too large for reproduction here to do it justice.
As it was about the middle of the sixteenth century (plate I of Peter Breugel the elder's "Prædiorum Villarum … Icones"; Bibl. Royale de Belgique), showing also the inn which, according to the custom so convenient to late arrivals, was usually to be found outside the gate of a town.
A Main Road in Alsace
284
Showing ruts and loose stones. From Münster's "Cosmographia" (1550; p. 455).
A Sign-Post
294
From the 1570 edition of Barclay's translation of Brandt's "Ship of Fools."
"The hande whiche men unto a crosse do nayle Shewyth the way ofte to a man wandrynge Which by the same his right way can nat fayle."
Benighted 'Sight'-seers
312
From Josse de Damhouder's "Praxis Rerum Criminalium," 1554.
A Passenger-Boat from Padua
328
From the "Stammbuch" (1578–83) of Gregory Amman in the Landesbibliothek, Cassel.
Rabelais' receipt for money received by him against a bill of exchange such as travellers used. Photographed (with M. Heulhard's transcription) from the latter's
