With Scott Before The Mast. Francis H. Davies
really frightening. The only spot of comfort was the dim light from the binnacle lamp of the steering compass, no human being nearer than the bridge. It was of the most simple design, just a chain, one end of which was attached to the tiller and the other end rove through a block on the deck at the ship’s side, then three or four turns over the barrel of the wheel through another block on the opposite side of the ship and finally secured to the tiller.
The steering wheel was nearly six feet in diameter. There were, two wheels, one at the fore end and one at the after end of the barrel. It had one great advantage, the helm could be put over quickly, but unlike screw steering gear it was not self holding and had to be held against the sea constantly by the helmsman, who received every shock from the heavy seas when they struck the rudder. It was not unknown for the helmsman to be thrown right over the wheel when the rudder was hit by a particularly heavy sea.
To take a certain amount of the strain, two rope lanyards were fitted one on either side of the wheel attached to heavy ringbolts in the deck. With one of these the helmsman took a turn round the wheel and held it in hand so that it could be released instantly if necessary. At times there was an additional helmsman, a lee helmsman, particularly when it was necessary to use the rudder a lot for instance when working through pack-ice, when a two hour trick at the wheel was no job for a weakling. The Officer of the watch always kept half an eye on the helmsman, whose face was visible even on the darkest night, in the dim light of the binnacle as he watched the compass.
The crew were always very considerate to one another and never forgot to take along a steaming hot cup of cocoa at least once during the trick. How much one appreciates the simple and commonplace things of life under conditions of great emotional strain.
Blueprints of Terra Nova
Chapter IV. Heading South
As soon as the ship cleared land her anchors were got on board and securely lashed on the foc’le and the cables unbent and stowed in the chain-lockers. The hawse pipes, which were open to the mess deck under the foc’le, were then plugged with large wooden plugs (hawse plugs) and well cemented before fitting an iron plate over the whole inside, which in turn was also cemented. This kept the mess deck dry and snug. The cable would not be again bent until we approached our next port of call, which might be a matter of weeks or even months.
After leaving Cardiff we made for Funchal, Madeira. The weather was very fine with light head winds so we steamed all the way. This gave an opportunity to get all the loose stores that had been brought aboard at the last moment properly stowed and everything as it should be aloft.
We had been at sea a few days when it was reported to me that the skid beams over the galley, which had been fitted in London for the stowage of two of the lifeboats, were ‘on a wind’ as the sailors put it, meaning they were working badly with the rolling of the ship. On examination I discovered the reason, both boats had been loaded to capacity with all the crockery, glassware, cases of bottled stores and other fragile articles for safety. There must have been at least a ton or so. The skids were never intended, or expected to stand up to such an undue strain. I fixed them by fitting two heavy struts, or shores, one on each side of the ship. These were quite effective and were still in place when we left the ship at the end of the expedition.
From the very outset the spirit of the expedition was the spirit of Drake. The gentlemen pulled with the mariners, and the success achieved was in a great measure due to the splendid cooperation of all hands irrespective of rank. I do not suggest for one moment there was any easy going familiarity, such as one meets everywhere today, for we had the greatest respect and admiration for our officers and would have followed them anywhere. They were of course ‘hand picked’ one might say, there were no less than eleven thousand applications from people in all walks of life, eager to sail this great adventure.
All the Afterguard, with the exception of the Captain and the watch keeping officers, were detailed to work with the seamen in watches, making and furling sail, and even the scientists soon became very much at home whether aloft or sweating up the braces on deck.
Captain Oates and Doctor Atkinson were also told to work with me as carpenters mates when not otherwise employed on deck. Captain Oates was extremely keen and soon became very useful. I often gave him jobs which he did entirely on his own.
Between times the scientists fitted in the work of their own particular ologies. One of them, Doctor Nelson, kept regular watches in the engine room as engineer in charge of the watch when the ship was under steam. Often, when passing through the tropics, an officer would take over the fireman’s watch just to give him a spell, and at the same time earn a little fresh water from the hot well for a bath.
When the ship was steaming, coal had to be trimmed from the main hold to the coal bunkers on the poop. This was another job which the Afterguard made their own during the forenoons.
They also did most of the hand pumping when the ship was under sail only. Everybody was kept fully occupied and there was never any lack of volunteers for any old job that turned up.
The food was of the very best quality and plenty of it, full and plenty, no waste as it says in ship articles. We had two excellent chefs who took a pride in their craft and only once during the whole three years did we miss a meal, a breakfast, during exceptionally bad weather and even then we had a large slab of chocolate apiece.
About eight days after leaving Cardiff we arrived at Madeira. What a beautiful sight the island was from the harbour in the sunshine of a lovely summer’s afternoon. Almost as soon as we had dropped anchor we were surrounded by scores of bum boats loaded with all kinds of wares for sale, or even exchange for old clothes, fruit, cigars, perfume, jewellery, a great variety of table and household linen, gorgeous ladies’ underwear, most of it the beautiful needle work for which the island is well known.
The guides, all clamouring at once to be engaged to show off the sights of the island, were a scourge. The best way it seemed to rid oneself of this nuisance was to engage the most pugnacious member of the fraternity to keep the remainder off. After dark the place was like a scene from fairyland, illuminated with myriads of tiny coloured lamps amongst the trees which with the strumming of guitars, the scents of luscious fruits and flowers on the balmy air was something not easily forgotten.
A voluntary boat’s crew from the Afterguard, including the Captain, came in for us in the evening, I‘m afraid I, at least, did not feel very comfortable to be sitting back whilst the officers bent their backs to the oars. It was something I had not been used to in ‘Andrew Miller’ (RN) and just goes to show how deep are the habits formed by long training.
Before sailing we took a good supply of fresh fruit and vegetables aboard. Amongst the fruit was a large basket of lovely ripe apricots, I had never seen them before, except out of tins, and didn’t even guess what they were.
The weather continued fine as we steamed southwards to pick up the north east Trade Winds. Shoals of flying fish continually bobbed out and in the long, oily swell, some no bigger than a good size bumble bee whilst the largest of them were a little larger than a herring. They shoot out of the water to escape from their enemies, the porpoises and dolphins, and can fly comparatively long distances. It is always a point for discussion as to whether they fly or just volplane. I have watched them very carefully but cannot claim to have seen their wings move in the same way a bird flies. It was particularly noticeable they kept going by just touching the water with the lower half of their tails, which they wriggled violently and gained sufficient impetus to continue their flight. I think a hundred to two hundred yards is easily within their power. At night, after dark, it is usual to fix a light on the rail of the ship to attract these fish, and it is very rare not to find a few on deck in the morning. They are very good eating and well worth no little trouble to get a nice fresh fish breakfast. They have very large wings, almost transparent, and beautifully marked like butterflies. The sailors used to set these wings on pieces of board to dry before varnishing them as souvenirs for their friends at home. It was generally the case of many were dried but few were varnished. The ship’s cat soon found