Automation and the Future of Work. Aaron Benanav
firms advanced on this front not due to high levels of robotization—in 2016, China deployed just 7 robots per thousand workers in manufacturing—but rather due to a mix of low wages, moderate to advanced technologies, and strong infrastructural capacities. Still, the result was the same: in spite of system-wide over-capacity and slow growth rates, China has industrialized rapidly because its firms have been able to take market share away from other firms—not only in the United States, but also in countries like Mexico and Brazil. It could not have been otherwise. In an environment where average growth rates are low, firms can only achieve high rates of growth by taking market share from their competitors. Whether China will be able to retain its competitive position as its wage levels rise remains an open question; Chinese firms have been robotizing to try to head off this possibility.47
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