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2
Classification
2.1 Introduction
Following from the statements in Chapter 1, coal is the biggest single source of energy for electricity production and plays an essential role in the energy mix of many countries, particularly for power generation, but there is an urgent need to use coal efficiently and reduce the environmental footprint of the coal. Thus, the measurement and reporting of efficiency performance and carbon dioxide emissions is a prerequisite to the more sustainable use of coal in power plants.
The direct and indirect utilization of coals for production of energy (and chemicals) is the foundation upon which interest in classifying coal resource is built. However, because of the complex, heterogeneous nature, and the variety of coals used throughout the world, classification is a difficult task. Identification of the most advantageous raw material, whether by quality, cost, availability or a combination of several such factors has always been one of the driving forces behind the development of classification systems. In fact, many of the systems currently in use in the coal industry were derived specifically from a need to identify quality coals for coke making, and in that respect only classify a relatively narrow range of coals. Other systems that have been developed to address the scientific need to understand the origin, constitution and fundamental properties follow the approach that any sound classification will identify all coals for all potential industrial uses (Speight, 2013).
Coal is a combustible dark-brown-to-black organic sedimentary rock that occurs in coal beds or coal seams (Chapter 1) and is