The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

The 2003 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency


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head of government: Chairman of the State Peace and Development

       Council Sr. Gen. THAN SHWE (since 23 April 1992); note - the

       appointed Prime Minister, Gen. KNIN NYUNT (since 25 August 2003), is

       not the head of government

       cabinet: State Peace and Development Council (SPDC); military junta,

       so named 15 November 1997, which initially assumed power 18

       September 1988 under the name State Law and Order Restoration

       Council; the SPDC oversees the cabinet

       elections: none

      Legislative branch:

       unicameral People's Assembly or Pyithu Hluttaw (485 seats; members

       elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

       elections: last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never convened

       election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -

       NLD 392, SNLD 23, NUP 10, other 60

      Judicial branch:

       remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but there is

       no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not

       independent of the executive

      Political parties and leaders:

       National League for Democracy or NLD [AUNG SHWE, chairman, AUNG SAN

       SUU KYI, general secretary]; National Unity Party or NUP (proregime)

       [THA KYAW]; Shan Nationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [KHUN

       TUN OO]; Union Solidarity and Development Association or USDA

       (proregime, a social and political organization) [THAN AUNG, general

       secretary]; and other smaller parties

      Political pressure groups and leaders: All Burma Student Democratic Front or ABSDF; Kachin Independence Army or KIA; Karen National Union or KNU; National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma or NCGUB [Dr. SEIN WIN] consists of individuals legitimately elected to the People's Assembly but not recognized by the military regime (the group fled to a border area and joined with insurgents in December 1990 to form a parallel government); several Shan factions; United Wa State Army or UWSA

      International organization participation:

       ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM,

       IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OPCW

       (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO,

       WToO, WTrO

      Diplomatic representation in the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador LINN MYAING

       consulate(s) general: New York

       FAX: [1] (202) 332–9046

       telephone: [1] (202) 332–9044

       chancery: 2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

       chief of mission: Permanent Charge d'Affaires Carmen M. MARTINEZ

       embassy: 581 Merchant Street, Rangoon (GPO 521)

       mailing address: Box B, APO AP 96546

       telephone: [95] (1) 379 880, 379 881

       FAX: [95] (1) 256 018

      Flag description:

       red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing,

       all in white, 14 five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing

       a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 14 administrative

       divisions

      Economy Burma

      Economy - overview:

       Burma is a resource-rich country that suffers from abject rural

       poverty. The military regime took steps in the early 1990s to

       liberalize the economy after decades of failure under the "Burmese

       Way to Socialism", but those efforts have since stalled. Burma has

       been unable to achieve monetary or fiscal stability, resulting in an

       economy that suffers from serious macroeconomic imbalances -

       including a steep inflation rate and an official exchange rate that

       overvalues the Burmese kyat by more than 100 times the market rate.

       In addition, most overseas development assistance ceased after the

       junta suppressed the democracy movement in 1988 and subsequently

       ignored the results of the 1990 election. Burma is data poor, and

       official statistics are often dated and inaccurate. Published

       estimates of Burma's foreign trade are greatly understated because

       of the size of the black market and border trade - often estimated

       to be one to two times the official economy.

      GDP:

       purchasing power parity - $73.69 billion (2002 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate:

       5.3% (2002 est.)

      GDP - per capita:

       purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2002 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 60% industry: 9% services: 31% (2002 est.)

      Population below poverty line: 25% (2000 est.)

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 32.4% (1998)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       53.7% (2002 est.)

      Labor force:

       23.7 million (1999 est.)

      Labor force - by occupation:

       agriculture 70%, industry 7%, services 23% (2001 est.)

      Unemployment rate:

       5.1% (2001 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $7.9 billion

       expenditures: $12.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.7

       billion (FY96/97)

      Industries:

       agricultural processing; knit and woven apparel; wood and wood

       products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials;

       pharmaceuticals; fertilizer

      Industrial production growth rate:

       NA%

      Electricity - production:

       6.139 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 44.4% hydro: 55.6% other: 0% (2001) nuclear: 0%

      Electricity - consumption:

       5.709 billion kWh (2001)

      Electricity - exports:

       0 kWh (2001)

      Electricity - imports:

       0 kWh (2001)

      Oil - production:

       14,170 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - consumption:

       38,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

      Oil - exports:

       NA (2001)

      Oil - imports:

       NA (2001)

      Oil


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