The Every Day Book of History and Chronology. Joel Munsell
to the citizens of London, drew up his forces in Finsbury fields, makes an apology which is the signal of rejoicing. Burning lamps the principal pastime.
1689. The parliament of England chose William and Mary king and queen.
1706. Battle of Fraustadt, in Prussia, in which the Saxons and Muscovites under Gen. Schullemberg, were defeated by the Swedes under Marshall Renschild.
1733. The colony of Savannah commenced, under Gen. Oglethorpe. This was the first settlement in Georgia.
1744. The elector of Bavaria chosen emperor of Germany under the title of Charles VII.
1746. Birthday of Thaddeus Kosciusko, the Polish warrior.
1757. Peace concluded between the English and Sourajah Dowlah.
1771. Adolphus Frederick II, king of Denmark, died. He was the founder of the academy of belles-lettres at Torneo.
1782. The British surrendered the island of St. Christophers to the French, under the marquis de Bouille.
1787. Joseph Roger Boscovich, an Italian mathematician, died at Milan. He was also an elegant poet.
1789. Gabriel Brotier died at Paris; an illustrious and amiable Frenchman, and one of the most distinguished ornaments of the belles-lettres in that country.
1792. Battle on the plain of Morocco, between Yezid and Ishem, two brothers, contesting for the throne. The forces of the latter, about 30,000, were defeated by about half the number under the former. Both commanders were badly wounded. Ishem lost 1,300 killed, and 800 prisoners, who were all put to death by being nailed to the walls and floors and left without food.
1793. John Manley died, aged 60. He was appointed by Washington a captain in the navy, was very successful in his captures, but was finally taken prisoner by the British and confined in the Mill prison.
1797. Anthony d'Auvergne died at Lyons. He was director of the opera at Paris, and an eminent composer.
1799. Lazarus Spallanzani, an Italian writer, died. He is considered as one of the greatest naturalists of that age.
1802. A messenger from England to lord Cornwallis was attacked by two wolves near Boulogne, which tore off the lips of his horses.
1804. Immanuel Kant, a Prussian metaphysician, died. He was the son of a harness maker in the suburbs of Koningsberg. He continued by persevering industry to obtain a good education, and at the age of 22 successfully attacked the doctrines of the most eminent metaphysicians of the day. He was an original and profound thinker, as his numerous works attest: and his philosophy has been taught in all the German universities except some Catholic ones.
1807. Battle of Marienwerder, in Polish Prussia, in which the Prussians were defeated by the French under Lefebre.
1808. Remarkable duel at Bonnau, in Austria, between the Bavarian general Von Wrede, and a former Swedish minister, Von Duben. It was occasioned by the latter having cast reflections upon the Bavarian troops in 1805, in his dispatches to the Swedish government, and was fought in presence of a vast number of people.
1810. Badajos in Spain summoned to surrender by the French marshal, Mortier. The governor returned the summons unopened.
1814. Battle of Chateau Thierry, between the French and Russians, in which the general of the latter, Fredenrich, was taken prisoner.
1814. General Wilkinson burned his barracks at French Mills.
1817. Battle of Chacabuco, in Chili, in which the patriots under San Martin and O'Higgins, gained a decisive victory over the Spaniards under Maroto. This, with the victory of Maypu, which occurred afterwards, achieved the independence of the country.
1826. Deodatus Bye, died. He edited Cruden's Concordance, Diversions of Purley, &c. Some fugitive pieces in the Gentleman's Magazine bear his signature.
1831. Great solar eclipse (annular), visible in most parts of the United States.
1832. The cholera made its appearance in London.
1834. Frederick Schliermacher, a celebrated Prussian divine, died. He was professor of theology at Halle, and distinguished for the energy of his character and the extent of his acquirements.
1837. Edward Turner, professor of chemistry, London, died, aged 40. He was an eminent chemist, a popular and much esteemed professor, and a very exemplary and benevolent character.
1840. Astley Paston Cooper, a highly distinguished English surgeon, died at London, aged 72. He was one of the first operators of his time, and carried on a practice unexampled for extent and emolument in the annals of surgery. His income from his practice was nearly one hundred thousand dollars per annum. In one instance he received a fee of one thousand guineas for an operation for the stone.
1855. The island of Cuba declared by the captain-general to be in a state of siege, and the coasts and circumjacent waters in blockade.
FEBRUARY 13.
This day was kept by the Jews as a fast, instituted by Esther in memorial of the day appointed by Haman for the extirpation of her countrymen. The same day was afterwards decreed as a feast for the death of Nicanor, the Syrian captain, who was slain at Bethhoron, BC 161.
1098. London bridge carried away by a flood and tax imposed to erect another.
1570. Benvenuto Cellini, a Florentine sculptor, engraver and goldsmith, died. His works in gold and silver are sold now at immense prices. In his autobiography, which has been translated, he claims to have aimed the balls which killed the constable of Bourbon, and the prince of Orange, at the siege of Rome.
1579. John Fowler, an eminent English printer, died at Louvain, in Belgium, where he had a press and issued various controversial treatises, leveled at protestantism. He was well skilled in languages, a tolerable poet and orator, a theologist not to be contemned, and well versed in criticism, and polite literature.
1585. Alphonsus Salmeron, of Toledo, died. He wrote commentaries on the scriptures, was a zealous follower of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuits and distinguished for his learning.
1602. Alexander Nowell, an English divine, died. His Catechism, published 1572, was in extensive use and much admired.
1662. Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia, and eldest daughter of James I, of England, died and was buried in Henry VII's chapel.
1689. Revolution in England; William, prince of Orange, and the princess Mary, a daughter of the abdicating monarch, were proclaimed, by the lords and commons, sovereigns of England. (Holmes says 16th.)
1694. The highland massacre at Glencoe, in Scotland.
1699. The government of England sent an order to the play-houses that nothing should be enacted contrary to religion or good manners.
1726. William Watton died; an English divine, critic, historian, and miscellaneous writer of great learning.
1727. The British under Col. Campbell precipitately evacuated Augusta, Georgia, in the night.
1727. The Spaniards under the marquis de la Torras, commenced the siege of Gibraltar. This was the twelfth siege, and proved unsuccessful.
1727. Cotton Mather died at Boston, aged 65. He was the most learned man in America, and one of the most superstitious. His achievements in one year were 72 sermons, 60 fasts, 20 vigils and 14 books. His publications amounted to 382, some of them being of large dimensions. The Magnalia is his chef d'œuvre. He lived in the age of witchcraft, and fell in with