The Every Day Book of History and Chronology. Joel Munsell
Carlos, the claimant of the Spanish throne from the time of the death of Ferdinand in 1833, died at Trieste, where he was known as the conde de Molina.
1855. The college building at Princeton, N. J., known as Nassau hall, was destroyed by fire. It was built in 1756 and in the Revolutionary war was used for barracks, by both the British and Americans.
MARCH 11.
1302. The marriage of Romeo Montocchio with Juliet Capelletto was solemnized at the church of the Minorites, at Citadella. These were Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
1444. The university of Paris issued a circular addressed to all the French clergy, expressing the opinion of the church, that the feast of fools, about the calends of January, was a well imagined institution, connected with Christianity, and that those who attempted to suppress it should be curst and excommunicate.
1513. John Medici elected pope and assumed the title of Leo X. From his grave appearance it was often said he seemed never to have been a child.
1544. Birthday of Torquato Tasso, styled the prince of Italian poets.
1669. The memorable eruption of Mount Etna began at sunset.
1722. John Toland, a very famous English political, polemical and miscellaneous writer and antiquary, died at Putney.
1732. Peter Chirac, a French author and physician to the king, died.
1732. Kouli Khan, usurped the Persian throne.
1738. It was ascertained that 12,000 persons were convicted in London in a few months for selling gin without a license, and 3,000 paid a fine of £10 rather than be committed to the house of correction.
1744. Action off Toulon between part of the British fleet under Matthews and Lestock, and the combined French and Spanish fleets.
1797. Two discharged servants informed the police that Ladies Buckinghamshire, Luttrel and Stuart played faro, in consequence of which their ladyships were fined.
1800. The Royal institution of London for the promotion of the fine arts held their first sitting.
1808. Franklin, Chatauque, Cattaraugus and Niagara counties in the state of New York, erected.
1809. Hannah Cowley died, aged 66. She was born at Tiverton, England, and distinguished as a poetress, and a dramatic writer.
1811. Badajos in Spain surrendered to the French under Soult. About 9,000 prisoners were taken, 170 cannon, 80,000 quintals of gunpowder, a large quantity of infantry cartridges, and two complete bridge equipages.
1812. Philip James de Louhterbourg, a distinguished landscape painter, died at London. He was born at Strasburgh, 1740, and studied under Casanova. He gained considerable reputation by his paintings at Paris, after which he went over to England. Here he got up under the name of Eidophusikon, a novel and highly ingenious exhibition, displaying the changes of the elements and their phenomena, in a calm, a moonlight, a sunset and a storm at sea.
1813. Action off Surinam river between the United States privateer schooner Gen. Armstrong, 18 guns, and a British 24 gun frigate. The privateer sustained the attack 45 minutes within pistol shot, and succeeded in escaping with the loss of 6 killed and 16 wounded.
1848. Henry Wheaton, an American statesman, philanthropist and classic writer, died at Roxbury, Mass.
1856. President Rivas, of Nicaragua, declared war against Costa Rica.
MARCH 12.
1470. Battle of Erpingham, in England, and defeat of the rebels under Sir Robert Welles.
1507. Cæsar Borgia killed by a cannon shot before the castle of Biano. He was the natural son of Pope Alexander VI, and by him invested with the purple. He was a man of such conduct and character that Machiavel has thought fit to propose him, in his famous book, called The Prince, as a pattern to all princes who would act the part of wise and polite tyrants. He allowed no one to stand in his way to promotion from any scruples to removing them by the foulest means.
1578. Alexander Piccolomini died; author of dramatic and other pieces. He was the first who used the Italian language in philosophical subjects.
1581. William Fulke preached a sermon within the tower of London in the hearing of such obstinate papists as were there imprisoned.
1612. The third charter of Virginia granted, by which new privileges and immunities were given for the encouragement of the colony.
1664. Charles II, of England, granted to his brother the duke of York, all Mattawacks, now Long Island; all Hudson's river, and all the lands from the west side of Connecticut river to the east side of Delaware bay, together with the royalties and rights of government.
1676. Action between the French fleet under Duquesne, and the Spanish and Dutch fleets under De Ruyter, who was mortally wounded.
1682. Chelsea hospital, England, founded.
1683. The first assembly of Pennsylvania was holden at Philadelphia, two years from the time that Penn obtained the charter.
1697. Ludovick Muggleton, a schismatic English tailor, died. He entertained notions peculiar to himself, and damned all who differed from him. He was pilloried and imprisoned, and his books burnt by the hangman.
1703. Aubrey de Vere died. His father was the valiant Robert de Vere, who married the daughter of a Friesland boor, named Beatrix Van Hemims. He was lord of the bed chamber to Charles I; was found so passive under Cromwell, that he escaped even the fine; conformed to the manners of the court of Charles II; went over from James II to William the conqueror; and was graceful in old age at the court of Queen Anne. He had been privy councilor to each of these sovereigns, and was hereditary lord chamberlain, senior knight of the garter, and premier earl of England.
1713. Steele commenced his paper The Guardian.
1716. Isaac Briand was fined £2000 by the court of aldermen, London, for marrying Miss Elizabeth Watson, an orphan of 13 years of age and a great fortune, without their consent.
1761. The shock of an earthquake felt in Massachusetts and the adjoining states, at half past two in the morning.
1768. Six students of Edmund hall, Oxford, were expelled the university for methodism. Their crime was praying, expounding the scriptures and singing psalms.
1772. Montgomery (originally Tyron) county, N. Y., erected.
1775. The earl of Effingham resigned his command in a regiment ordered to America. He refused to bear arms against his fellow subjects in the colonies.
1780. The British garrison at Mobile, Capt. Durnford, capitulated to the Spaniards under Don Bernardo de Galvez. The garrison consisted of 284 regulars, 54 inhabitants and 51 armed Indians.
1797. The French under Serrurier crossed the Piave, having defeated the Austrians who opposed their passage.
1801. The British fleet sailed from Aboukir bay, Egypt, and the army under Abercrombie, having effected their landing, took up their line of march for Alexandria.
1807. British order in council, interdicting all trade between port and port in France.
1809. Gustavus Adolphus IV, king of Sweden, dethroned, and the reigns of the government assumed by his uncle the duke of