The Seaman's Friend. Richard Henry Dana

The Seaman's Friend

39 Spanker boom. 83 Fore topgallant shrouds. 127 Ensign halyards. 40 Fore top. 84 Fore topmast backstays. 128 Spanker peak halyards. 41 Foremast cap. 85 Fore topgallant backstays. 129 Foot-rope to fore yard. 42 Fore topmast cross-trees. 86 Fore royal backstays. 130 Foot-rope to main yard. 43 Main top. 87 Main stay. 131 Foot-rope to cross-jack yard. 44 Mainmast cap. 88 Main topmast stay.

PLATE II.

A SHIP'S SAILS.

INDEX OF REFERENCES.

1	Fore topmast staysail.	18	Mizzen topgallant sail.
2	Jib.	19	Mizzen royal.
3	Flying jib.	20	Mizzen skysail.
4	Fore spencer.	21	Lower studdingsail.
5	Main spencer.	21a	Lee ditto.
6	Spanker.	22	Fore topmast studdingsail.
7	Foresail.	22a	Lee ditto.
8	Fore topsail.	23	Fore topgallant studdingsail.
9	Fore topgallant sail.	23a	Lee ditto.
10	Fore royal.	24	Fore royal studdingsail.
11	Fore skysail.	24a	Lee ditto.
12	Mainsail.	25	Main topmast studdingsail.
13	Main topsail.	25a	Lee ditto.
14	Main topgallant sail.	26	Main topgallant studdingsail.
15	Main royal.	26a	Lee ditto.
16	Main skysail.	27	Main royal studdingsail.
17	Mizzen topsail.	27a	Lee ditto.

PLATE III.

THE FRAME OF A SHIP.

INDEX OF REFERENCES.

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A. The Outside.		5	Half transoms.
1	Upper stem-piece.	6	Main transom.
2	Lower stem-piece.	7	Quarter timbers.
3	Gripe.	8	Transom knees.
4	Forward keel-piece.	9	Horn timbers.
5	Middle keel-piece.	10	Counter-timber knee.
6	After keel-piece.	11	Stern-post.
7	False keel.	12	Rudder-head.
8	Stern knee.	13	Counter timbers.
9	Stern-post.	14	Upper-deck clamp.
10	Rudder.
11	Bilge streaks.	C. The Inside of the Bows.
12	First streak under the wales.	1	Keelson.
13	Apron.