The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier and Citizen. Simon Wolf
"If the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 resulted in this work of art and did nothing else, the American people should be satisfied. I, the subject of a monarch, salute the Nation that makes this creation possible."[23]
FOOTNOTE:
[23] The statue of Religious Liberty was erected by the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, pursuant to the resolution to that effect, adopted by the General Convention of the Order at Chicago in 1874. Of that Convention Hon. Simon Wolf was President, and the adoption of the measure by the Convention, as well as the eventual success of the undertaking through the active support of the various lodges, were due mainly to Mr. Wolf's indefatigable efforts.—Ed.
JEWISH SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF 1812, AND IN THE MEXICAN WAR.
It is questionable whether the Jewish population of the American Union kept pace with the general increase during the time from the close of the Revolutionary struggle to the middle of the present century. Certain it is that at a comparatively developed period, in 1824, Solomon Etting estimated the Jewish population of Maryland as "at least 150," and that of the United States as "at least 6000,"[24] while another experienced publicist, Isaac Harby, estimates it, as we have seen, (note, page 12), at "not over 6000" in 1826. Up to the close of the Eighteenth Century the Jewish immigrants to this side of the Atlantic were derived almost entirely from the Sephardic stock, mainly indeed from England and Holland and their colonial dependencies, and these, from the comparative paucity of numbers at their source, could not, in the very nature of things, have been very numerous. Of the Jewish colonists of the time of the Revolution, some, who had remained loyal to the mother country, went back to England or to the West Indies after the war was over, and the number of these, though quite limited, was but little overbalanced by the new arrivals. The emigration of the German Jews remained altogether sporadic throughout the period of the Napoleonic wars, because of the almost insuperable obstacles which hindered their departure, and for a time thereafter they were content to remain at home in view of the great political concessions which they had gained from the German rulers in return for their valor and heroic sacrifices in defense of the fatherland. The increase of the Jewish population in this country was thus limited mainly to the surplus of births over deaths until some time after the close of the War of 1812. In the course of the reaction against the innovations of liberalism which ensued after 1820, the hardly-gained political rights of the German Jews were gradually curtailed or entirely withdrawn, and at this time the Jews of the German maritime cities began to emigrate to the United States in increasing numbers. It was not, however, until after the revolution of 1848 and the beginning of steam navigation on the Atlantic, that any considerable exodus took place. At the time of the Mexican War, in 1846, the Jewish population of the United States was probably not greater in proportion than that estimated for the period of the Revolutionary War. In point of fact, at the time of the second war with Great Britain, and likewise also at the date of the Mexican War, the Jewish element composed as yet only a minute fraction of the general population, and no very considerable number of Jewish names are to be looked for in the army lists of those two wars. At the same time it remains to be added that the lists here given for both the wars referred to are not at all complete, comprising for the most part only the names of such individuals as left notable evidence of their presence in the ranks.
WAR OF 1812.
Private Jacob Appel,
served in Captain Samuel Borden's Company, 4th Detachment, Pennsylvania.
Private Jacob Bachman and
Private Samuel Bachman,
served in Captain Peter Nungesser's Company, 2nd Regiment, Volunteer Light Infantry, Pennsylvania.
Brigadier-General Joseph Bloomfield,
in command of Military District No. 4, embracing Pennsylvania, Delaware and Western New Jersey.
[His military record is included in the list of Jewish soldiers in the American Revolutionary War].
Israel I. Cohen
was a member of Captain Nicholson's Company of Maryland Fencibles, and served in the defense of Fort McHenry.
Mendes I. Cohen,
brother of the above, volunteered for the defense of Baltimore and also served at Fort McHenry during the memorable bombardment.
Sergeant Samuel Goodman,
served in Captain George Zieber's Company, 1st Regiment, 2nd Brigade, Pennsylvania, under Lieutenant-Colonel Jeremiah Shappel.
Second Lieutenant Benjamin Gratz
served in company of Pennsylvania Volunteers commanded by Captain John Swift, 1813.
Corporal Abraham Gunsenhouser,
served in Captain Jacob Wentz's Company—3d Company, 52d Regiment, Pennsylvania.
Private Jacob Haas
served in Captain George Dinckey's Company, 18th Section of Riflemen from Pennsylvania.
Jacob Hays, } father and son served in N. Y. commands.
Benjamin Hays, }
Private Ezekiel Jacobs
served in Captain Florence Cotter's Company, 1st Detachment, 1st Brigade, Pennsylvania.
Private Henry Loeb.
served in Captain Jacob Ashey's Company, 1st Regiment of Pennsylvania.
First Lieutenant Isaac Mertz
served in Captain Middleswarth's Company, Battalion of Riflemen from Pennsylvania.
Lieutenant David Metzler
Corporal Daniel Metzler
served in Captain Nicholas Beckwith's (Fifth Battalion) Company from Pennsylvania.
Private Joseph Metzgar
served in Captain Adam Diller's Company, 2nd Brigade, Pennsylvania.
Ensign Samuel Meyer
served in Captain George Hess's Company of Riflemen from Northampton County, Pennsylvania.
Private Jacob Miller
served in Captain Nickolaus Derr's Company, 101st Regiment, from Pennsylvania.
Private Jacob Miller
served in Captain John Christian's Company, 2nd Regiment from Pennsylvania.
Private Abraham Mitchell
served in the Pennsylvania line.
Myer Mordecai
served among Pennsylvania Volunteers.
Private Isaac Moser
served in Captain John Christian's Company, 2nd Regiment from Pennsylvania.
Sergeant Jacob Moser
served in Captain J. Bakeoven's Company, 2nd Brigade, from Pennsylvania.
Captain Myer Moses
was commissioned from