The Mother of Washington and Her Times. Sara Agnes Rice Pryor
Reception at Trenton
AUTHORITIES
Virginia Historical Magazine.
William and Mary Quarterly.
Virginia Historical Register.
Meade's Old Churches and Families of Virginia.
Campbell's History of Virginia.
Irving's Life of Washington.
Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington. By George Washington Parke Custis.
Cooke's Virginia.
The Bland Papers. By Campbell.
Howe's Virginia.
Journal of Philip Vickars Fithian.
Towers's Lafayette.
Creasy's Fifteen Decisive Battles.
Morse's Franklin.
Lecky's England in the Eighteenth Century.
Fiske's American Revolution.
Sparks's Diplomatic Correspondence.
Washington's Works.
Bancroft's History of the United States.
Life and Letters of George Mason. By Kate Mason Rowland.
Beaumarchais and his Times.
Edwardes's Translations of Lemonie.
Lives of the Chief Justices of England.
Twining's Travels in America.
Burnaby's Travels.
The Story of Mary Washington. By Marion Harland.
Randall's Life of Jefferson.
Worthies of England. By Thomas Fuller.
Foote's Sketches of Virginia.
Parton's Franklin.
A Study in the Warwickshire Dialect. By Appleton Morgan, A.M., LL.B.
Maternal Ancestry of Washington. By G. W. Ball.
PART I
The Mother of Washington and her Times
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY
The mothers of famous men survive only in their sons. This is a rule almost as invariable as a law of nature. Whatever the aspirations and energies of the mother, memorable achievement is not for her. No memoir has been written in this country of the women who bore, fostered, and trained our great men. What do we know of the mother of Daniel Webster, or John Adams, or Patrick Henry, or Andrew Jackson, or of the mothers of our Revolutionary generals?
When the American boy studies the history of his country, his soul soars within him as he reads of his own forefathers: how they rescued a wilderness from the savage and caused it to bloom into fruitful fields and gardens, how they won its independence through eight years of hardship and struggle, how they assured its prosperity by a wise Constitution and firm laws. But he may look in vain for some tribute to the mothers who trained his heroes. In his Roman history he finds Cornelia, Virginia, Lucretia, and Veturia on the same pages with Horatius, Regulus, Brutus, and Cincinnatus. If he be a boy of some thought and perception, he will see that the early seventeenth century women of his own land must have borne a similar relation to their country as these women to the Roman Republic. But our histories as utterly ignore them as if they never existed. The heroes of our Revolution might have sprung armed from the head of Jove for aught the American boy can find to the contrary.
Thus American history defrauds these noble mothers of their crown—not self-won, but won by their sons.
Letitia Romolino was known to few, while the fame of "Madame Mère" is as universal as the glory of Napoleon himself. But Madame Mère had her historian. The pioneer woman of America, who "broke the way with tears," retires into darkness and oblivion; while "many follow with a song" the son to whom she gave her life and her keen intelligence born of her strong faith and love.
Biographers have occasionally seemed to feel that something is due the mothers of their heroes. Women have some rights after all! And so we can usually find, tucked away somewhere, a short perfunctory phrase of courtesy, "He is said to have inherited many of his qualities from his mother," reminding us of "The Ladies—God bless 'em," after everybody else has been toasted at a banquet, and just before the toasters are ripe for the song, "We won't go home till morning!"
But—if we are willing to be appeased by such a douceur—there is literature galore anent the women who have amused "great" men: Helen of Troy, Madame de Pompadour, Madame du Barry, Lady Hamilton, the Countess Guicciola, and such. We may comfort ourselves for this humiliating fact only by reflecting that the world craves novelty, and that these dames are interesting to the reading public, solely because they are exceptional, while the noble, unselfish woman, being the rule of motherhood, is familiar to every one of us and needs no historian.
It is the noble, unselfish woman who must shine, if she shine at all, by the light reflected from her son. Her life, for the most part, must be hidden by the obscurity of domestic duties. While herself thus inactive and retired, her son is developed for glory, and the world is his arena. It is only when he reaches renown that she becomes an object of attention, but it is then too late to take her measure in the plenitude of her powers. Emitting at best but a feeble ray, her genius is soon lost in the splendor of his meridian.
Nay more, her reputation is often the sport of a love of contrast, and her simplicity and his magnificence the paradox of a gossiping public.
Mary Washington presents no exception to this picture. As the mother of the man who has hitherto done most for the good and glory of humanity, the details of her life are now of world-wide and enduring interest. Those details were lost in the seclusion and obscurity of her earlier years or else absorbed in the splendor of her later career. It is not deniable, too, that in the absence of authentic information, tradition has made free with her name, and has imputed to her motives and habits altogether foreign to her real character. The mother of Washington was in no sense a commonplace woman. Still less was she hard, uncultured, undignified, unrefined.
The writer hopes to trace the disparaging traditions, and to refute them by showing that all the known actions of her life were the emanations of a noble heart, high courage, and sound understanding.
"Characters,"