Heterogeneous Catalysts. Группа авторов
of parent and alkaline‐treated silicalite‐1: (a)...
7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 From a coordination compound to an MOF. (a) Structure and geometr...Figure 8.2 Structure and chemical composition of HKUST‐1 (a) and MOF‐5...Figure 8.3 Structure of MIL‐101 (a), UiO‐66 (b), and MOF‐74...Figure 8.4 How to construct the SBU structure of MOF‐5: (a) the [Zn4O]Figure 8.5 A schematic illustration on how to build isoreticular MOFs to tun...Figure 8.6 Tools to build active sites within MOFs. A target active site is ...Figure 8.7 Summary of the possible catalytic sites found and build with and ...
8 Chapter 9Scheme 9.1 Overview of hierarchical and anisotropic nanostructured catalysts...Scheme 9.2 Bottom‐up and top‐down approaches to synthesizing carbon‐based na...Figure 9.1 Field‐emission high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (FE‐H...Figure 9.2 (a–c) High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) i...Figure 9.3 Schematic of bimetallic Janus NP synthesis employing interfacial ...Figure 9.4 (a) Hydrogen production over Janus and core–shell Au/TiO2 NPs, am...Figure 9.5 (a) Flower morphology of bismuth subcarbonate.(b) Sea urchin ...Figure 9.6 Spatially orthogonal functionalization of hierarchical macroporou...Figure 9.7 Schematic and electron micrographs of Au–Pd/3DOM LSMO catalyst....Figure 9.8 HAADF‐STEM images of (a–c) Rh/3DOM LNAO, (d–f) Rh–Ni/3DOM LAO, an...
9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Aerosol particle formation via the droplet‐to‐particle and gas‐t...Figure 10.2 Schematic of the configuration of flame aerosol reactors, includ...Figure 10.3 (a) Schematic of the tube‐enclosed FSP configuration with contro...Figure 10.4 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of (a) rhombohedra...Figure 10.5 TEM images of FSP‐derived (a) pristine CeO2, as well as the CuO/...Figure 10.6 (a) Cobalt‐time‐yield (CTY) of the two Co/Al2O3 catalysts prepar...Figure 10.7 (a) Temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) of FSP‐prepared CoFigure 10.8 Glucose conversion and products yields over FSP‐prepared amorpho...Figure 10.9 (a) X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of as‐prepared BiVO4 at diff...
10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 A band structure of a semiconductor photocatalyst and thermodyna...Figure 11.2 Process of water splitting on a semiconductor photocatalyst.Figure 11.3 A band structure of a metal oxide photocatalyst.Figure 11.4 Relative band structures of vanadate, niobate, and tantalite.Figure 11.5 Band structures of SrTiO3 and Rh‐doped SrTiO3 in the dark and un...Figure 11.6 Band structures of (a) Cr‐ and Sb‐codoped SrTiO3 and (b) Cr‐dope...Figure 11.7 Band structures of (a) Cu(Li1/3Ti2/3)O2, (b) BiVO4, and (c) SnNbFigure 11.8 Band structures of ZnS, (AgIn) x Zn2(1−x)S2, and AgInS2.
11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Representative physicochemical events showing the complexity of ...Figure 12.2 Three major gaps (material gap, temperature gap, and pressure ga...
12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Illustration of a dispersed technical catalyst consisting of a h...Figure 13.2 Schematic view of a scanning tunneling microscope.Figure 13.3 A diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (D...Figure 13.4 (A) STM images of compressed CO adlayers on Pt(111) obtained at ...Figure 13.5 Au{100}‐hex reconstructed surface under catalytic conditions. A ...Figure 13.6 Temperature‐programmed desorption spectra of O2 from a Pt(110) s...Figure 13.7 A series of high‐pressure STM images acquired during CO oxidatio...Figure 13.8 Proposed high‐coverage 1.5 ML CO/TiO2 structure generates PBE‐si...Figure 13.9 Schematic picture of possible formate (HCOO−) structures o...Figure 13.10 Infrared spectra of formate ions (HCOO−) adsorbed on diff...Figure 13.11 STM image of air‐exposed TiO2(110) surface. The inset image is ...Figure 13.12 (A) Operando DRIFT spectra acquired during photooxidation of pr...Figure 13.13 (a) Schematic illustration of the CO oxidation on a supported f...Figure 13.14 Normalized activity at 850 K of the 2.8 nm Pt nanoparticle vs. ...
13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 (a) Schematic diagram of a window‐type environmental specimen ho...Figure 14.2 (a) Schematic diagram of a differential pumping‐type microscope ...Figure 14.3 Schematic diagram of specimen holders for gas‐phase in situ obse...Figure 14.4 (a) (A–F) Sequential in situ TEM images of reversible formation ...Figure 14.5 Typical specimen preparation techniques classifying into (a) sel...
14 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 3D rendering of (a) solid aerogel body (gray), (b) total extract...Figure 15.2 Schematic representation of XRD‐CT data collection strategy and ...Figure 15.3 Comparison of information from XRD‐CT and PDF‐CT by Jacques et a...Figure 15.4 (ii) 3D images of the Pt density and (ii‐CS) their cross‐section...Figure 15.5 (a) Vertical and (b) horizontal orthoslices of Δμ 0. (c) 3D ...Figure 15.6 Reconstructed map of pores (blue), zeolite (red), and amorphous ...
15 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Difference between single‐molecule measurements and ensemble mea...Figure 16.2 Jablonski diagram illustrating the principle of fluorescence. Ab...Figure 16.3 Schematic of the epifluorescence microscope. After passing throu...Figure 16.4 Schematic representation of major approaches that can be followe...Figure 16.5 Schematic comparison of CLSM and WFM setups. In the WFM setup th...Figure 16.6 Schematic representation of the super‐resolution localization fl...Figure 16.7 Fluorescence microscopy investigations of catalytic performance ...
16 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 (Left) Alignment of the electron spin angular momentum with the ...Figure 17.2 Influence of magnetic field intensity on the EPR spectrum of a p...Figure 17.3 The components of a Bruker EMXPlus cw‐EPR spectrometer.Figure 17.4 Reflected microwave power from a resonant cavity.Figure 17.5 Setup of in situ EPR studies of Cu‐zeolite catalysts for SCR rea...Figure 17.6 (a) EPR spectrum of Cu‐CHA (Cu/Al = 0.09) after dehydration. The...Figure 17.7 EPR spectra of intermediate radicals (430 K) and high‐temperatur...
17 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 The IR spectrum. (a) Single‐beam reference spectrum (I 0) and sin...Figure 18.2 IR spectroscopy: (a) transmission, (b) attenuated total reflecti...Figure 18.3 (a) Series of transmission IR spectra of liquid toluene as a fun...Figure 18.4 Geometry of an ATR‐IR experiment considering a solid sample atta...Figure 18.5 DRIFT spectra of V2O5–WO3–TiO2 obtained using (a) reflecting mir...Figure 18.6 The fraction of linear coordinated CO increases with decreasing ...Figure 18.7 DRIFT spectra of CO adsorbed on various Pd/Al2O3 samples: (a) 10...Figure 18.8 (a) Transmission IR spectra of CO adsorbed on Pd(111), Pd(100), ...Figure 18.9 Examples of cells for in situ/operando transmission (a) and (b),...Figure 18.10 (a) Geometry of a monolithic sample for a transmission IR exper...Figure 18.11 DRIFT spectra collected while feeding (a, b) CO2 and (c) CO2 + ...Figure 18.12 (a) ATR‐IR spectra obtained in a flow of benzyl alcohol solutio...
18 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 X‐ray absorption and emission processes schematically depicted f...Figure 19.2 Transmission of X‐rays through different materials as a function...Figure 19.3 (a) Normalized Cr K‐edge XAS of Na2CrO4 indicating XANES and EXA...Figure 19.4 Cu K‐edge XANES of Cu‐SSZ‐13 catalyst at different delay time af...Figure 19.5 Fourier transform magnitude of the k 2‐weighted EXAFS spectra for...Figure 19.6 X‐ray emission spectrometer in von Hamos geometry (a) and applic...Figure 19.7 ctc‐XES (Kα and Kβ main lines) and vtc‐XES (Kβ satellite lines) ...Figure 19.8 The vtc‐XES (Kβ satellite lines) of Cr metal (a), CrB (b), Cr3C2 Figure 19.9 RXES plane of 1.5 wt% Pt/CeO2 measured in 1% carbon monoxide at ...Figure 19.10 Examples of flow reactors suitable for operando X‐ray spectrosc...Figure 19.11 Time‐resolved chemical speciation of copper in the Cu‐SSZ‐13 ca...Figure 19.12 Experimental setup (a), time‐resolved Ce 2p3/23d5/2 RXES of 1.5...Figure 19.13 Fourier transform Co K‐edge EXAFS spectra for the BSCF electrod...
19 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Illustration of sensitivity and selectivity issues in the detect...Figure 20.2 Typical profile of active species responding to the stimulation....Figure 20.3 Schematic illustration of sensitivity enhancement by PSD. A(t): ...Figure 20.4 (a) Time‐resolved X‐ray absorption spectra at the Rh K‐edge reco...Figure 20.5 (a) Flow scheme of a typical SSITKA setup and normalized transie...Figure 20.6 Relative intensity of