|
|
Power to hold water
|
40
|
|
|
The effect of working soils when wet
|
45
|
|
V.
|
Forms of Soil Water
|
48
|
|
|
Free water
|
48
|
|
|
Capillary water
|
49
|
|
|
Film water
|
50
|
|
VI.
|
Loss of Soil Water
|
|
|
|
By surface wash
|
|
|
|
By percolation and leaching
|
|
|
|
By evaporation
|
|
|
|
By transpiration
|
|
|
|
How to check these losses
|
53
|
|
VII.
|
Soil Temperature
|
57
|
|
|
How soils are warmed
|
58
|
|
|
How soils lose heat
|
|
|
|
How to check loss of heat
|
59
|
|
|
Conditions which influence soil temperature
|
60
|
|
|
Value of organic matter
|
61
|
|
VIII.
|
Plant Food in the Soil
|
63
|
|
IX.
|
Seeds
|
70
|
|
|
Conditions necessary for sprouting
|
70
|
|
|
Seed testing
|
75
|
|
|
How the seeds come up
|
77
|
|
|
Use of cotyledons and endosperm
|
79
|
|
X.
|
Seed Planting
|
81
|
|
|
Depth of planting:
|
|
|
|
Operation of planting
|
|
|
|
Planting machines
|
81
|
|
|
Seed classification
|
85
|
|
|
Transplanting
|
87
|
|
XI.
|
Spading and Plowing
|
90
|
|
|
Spading the soil
|
90
|
|
|
Plowing
|
91
|
|
|
Why we spade and plow
|
91
|
|
|
Parts of a plow
|
92
|
|
|
Characteristics of a good plow
|
95
|
|
|
The furrow slice
|
96
|
|
|
How deep to plow
|
96
|
|
|
"Breaking out the middles"
|
97
|
|
|
Ridging the land
|
98
|
|
|
Time to plow
|
98
|
|
|
Bare fallow
|
100
|
|
XII.
|
Harrowing and Rolling
|
101
|
|
|
Harrowing:
|
|
|
|
Why we harrow
|
|
|
|
Time to harrow
|
101
|
|
|
Types of harrows
|
102
|
|
|
Rolling
|
106
|
|
XIII.
|
Leaves
|
108
|
|
|
Facts about leaves
|
108
|
|
|
The uses of leaves to plants:
|
|
|
|
Transpiration
|
|
|
|
Starch making
|
|
|
|
Digestion of food
|
|
|
|
|
