The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency
gold:
$562 million (2003)
Debt - external:
$6.011 billion (2003 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$127 million (2001 est.)
Currency:
kyat (MMK)
Currency code:
MMK
Exchange rates:
kyats per US dollar - 6.0764 (2003), 6.5734 (2002), 6.6841 (2001),
6.5167 (2000), 6.2858 (1999)
note: these are official exchange rates; unofficial exchange rates
ranged in 2003 from 100 kyat/US dollar to nearly 1000 kyat/US dollar
Fiscal year:
1 April - 31 March
Communications Burma
Telephones - main lines in use:
357,300 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
66,500 (2003)
Telephone system:
general assessment: barely meets minimum requirements for local and
intercity service for business and government; international service
is fair
domestic: NA
international: country code - 95; satellite earth station - 2,
Intelsat (Indian Ocean), and ShinSat
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 1, FM 1 (2004)
Radios:
4.2 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
2 (2004)
Televisions:
320,000 (2000)
Internet country code:
.mm
Internet hosts:
3 (2003)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
1
note: as of September 2000, Internet connections were legal only for
the government, tourist offices, and a few large businesses (2000)
Internet users:
28,000 (2003)
Transportation Burma
Railways: total: 3,955 km narrow gauge: 3,955 km 1.000-m gauge (2003)
Highways: total: 28,200 km paved: 3,440 km unpaved: 24,760 km (1996 est.)
Waterways:
12,800 km (2004)
Pipelines:
gas 2,056 km; oil 558 km (2004)
Ports and harbors:
Bhamo, Chauk, Mandalay, Moulmein, Myitkyina, Pathein, Rangoon,
Sittwe, Tavoy
Merchant marine:
total: 31 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 384,529 GRT/608,609 DWT
foreign-owned: Germany 6, Japan 4 (2004 est.)
by type: bulk 8, cargo 18, container 1, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum
tanker 1
Airports:
79 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 9 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 69 under 914 m: 31 (2004 est.) 914 to 1,523 m: 20 over 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
Heliports: 1 (2003 est.)
Military Burma
Military branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force
Military manpower - military age and obligation:
18 years of age for voluntary military service for both sexes (May
2002)
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15–49: 12,450,884
females age 15–49: 12,457,077 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15–49: 6,609,995
females age 15–49: 6,595,611 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 441,333
females: 440,914 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$39 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
2.1% (FY97)
Transnational Issues Burma
Disputes - international:
despite continuing border committee talks, significant differences
remain with Thailand over boundary alignment and the handling of
ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; groups
in Burma and Thailand express concern over China's construction of
13 hydroelectric dams on the Salween River in Yunnan Province; India
seeks cooperation from Burma to keep out Indian Nagaland insurgents
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
IDPs: 600,000 - 1,000,000 (government offensives against ethnic
insurgent groups near borders; most IDPs are ethnic Karen, Karenni,
Shan, and Mon) (2004)
Illicit drugs:
world's second largest producer of illicit opium (potential
production in 2003 - 484 metric tons, down 23% due to eradication
efforts and alternate development; cultivation in 2003 - 47,130
hectares, a 39% decline from 2002); surrender of drug warlord KHUN
SA's Mong Tai Army in January 1996 was hailed by Rangoon as a major
counternarcotics success, but lack of government will and ability to
take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment
against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug
effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for regional
consumption; currently under Financial Action Task Force
countermeasures due to continued failure to address its inadequate
money-laundering controls
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
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@Burundi
Introduction Burundi
Background:
Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated
in October 1993 after only one hundred days in office. Since then,
some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense
ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. Hundreds of
thousands have been internally displaced or have become refugees in
neighboring countries. Burundi troops, seeking to