The 2004 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency
account balance:
$10.3 billion (2003)
Exports:
$54.28 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp
(1999)
Exports - partners:
Germany 11.8%, Sweden 9.9%, US 8.2%, UK 8%, Russia 7.5%,
Netherlands 4.8% (2003)
Imports:
$37.35 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities:
foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport
equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics,
grains (1999)
Imports - partners:
Germany 16.2%, Sweden 14.1%, Russia 11.7%, Netherlands 6.3%,
Denmark 5.7%, UK 5.3%, France 4.3% (2003)
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
$11.17 billion (2003)
Debt - external:
$30 billion (December 1993)
Economic aid - donor:
ODA, $379 million (2001)
Currency:
euro (EUR)
note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the
euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of
member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole
currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Currency code:
EUR
Exchange rates:
euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001),
1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Communications Finland
Telephones - main lines in use:
2.548 million (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
4.7 million (2003)
Telephone system:
general assessment: modern system with excellent service
domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive
cellular network provide domestic needs
international: country code - 358; 1 submarine cable (Finland
Estonia Connection); satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat
transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1
Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares
the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark,
Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 2, FM 186, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios:
7.7 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations:
120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999)
Televisions:
3.2 million (1997)
Internet country code:
.fi
Internet hosts:
1,219,173 (2004)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
3 (2002)
Internet users:
2.65 million (2002)
Transportation Finland
Railways: total: 5,851 km broad gauge: 5,851 km 1.524-m gauge (2,400 km electrified) (2003)
Highways:
total: 78,137 km
paved: 50,398 km (including 750 km of expressways)
unpaved: 27,739 km (2003)
Waterways:
7,842 km
note: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased
from Russia (2004)
Pipelines:
gas 694 km (2004)
Ports and harbors:
Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Loviisa, Oulu, Pori, Rauma,
Turku, Uusikaupunki, Varkaus
Merchant marine:
total: 90 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,152,175 GRT/1,053,906 DWT
registered in other countries: 39 (2004 est.)
by type: bulk 9, cargo 26, chemical tanker 5, container 1, passenger
2, petroleum tanker 9, roll on/roll off 28, short-sea/passenger 10
foreign-owned: Estonia 1
Airports:
148 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 75 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 27 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 73 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 69 (2004 est.)
Military Finland
Military branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force
Military manpower - military age and obligation:
18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service
(October 2004)
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15–49: 1,226,890 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15–49: 1,013,961 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 32,058 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$1.8 billion (FY98/99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
2% (FY98/99)
Transnational Issues Finland
Disputes - international: none
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
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@France
Introduction France
Background:
Although ultimately a victor in World Wars I and II, France
suffered extensive losses in its empire, wealth, manpower, and rank
as a dominant nation-state. Nevertheless, France today is one of the
most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European
nations. Since 1958, it has constructed a presidential democracy
resistant to the instabilities experienced in earlier parliamentary
democracies. In recent years, its reconciliation and cooperation