The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency
export and continues to hold this position. The economy is heavily dependent on the agricultural sector, which generates about half of GDP and provides employment for 66% of the work force.
_#_GDP: $16.8 billion, per capita $408; real growth rate NEGL% (FY90 est.)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 22.6% (FY89 est.)
_#_Unemployment rate: 9.6% in urban areas (FY89 est.)
_#_Budget: revenues $4.9 billion; expenditures $5.0 billion, including capital expenditures of $0.7 billion (FY89 est.)
_#_Exports: $228 million (f.o.b., FY89)
commodities—teak, rice, oilseed, metals, rubber, gems;
partners—Southeast Asia, India, China, EC, Africa
_#_Imports: $540 million (c.i.f., FY89)
commodities—machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, food products;
partners—Japan, EC, China, Southeast Asia
_#_External debt: $5.5 billion (December 1990 est.)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate 2.6% (FY90 est.); accounts for 10% of GDP
_#_Electricity: 950,000 kW capacity; 2,900 million kWh produced, 70 kWh per capita (1990)
_#_Industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining; mining of copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer
_#_Agriculture: accounts for 51% of GDP (including fish and forestry); self-sufficient in food; principal crops—paddy rice, corn, oilseed, sugarcane, pulses; world's largest stand of hardwood trees; rice and teak account for 55% of export revenues; fish catch of 732,000 metric tons (FY90)
_#_Illicit drugs: world's largest illicit producer of opium poppy and minor producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; opium production is on the increase as growers respond to the collapse of Rangoon's antinarcotic programs
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $158 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $3.9 billion; Communist countries (1970–88), $424 million
_#_Currency: kyat (plural—kyats); 1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas
_#_Exchange rates: kyats (K) per US$1—6.0476 (January 1991), 6.3386 (1990), 6.7049 (1989), 6.3945 (1988), 6.6535 (1987), 7.3304 (1986), 8.4749 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
_*Communications #_Railroads: 3,991 km total, all government owned; 3,878 km 1.000-meter gauge, 113 km narrow-gauge industrial lines; 362 km double track
_#_Highways: 27,000 km total; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth or gravel, 6,100 km unimproved earth
_#_Inland waterways: 12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels
_#_Pipelines: crude, 1,343 km; natural gas, 330 km
_#_Ports: Rangoon, Moulmein, Bassein
_#_Merchant marine: 60 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 968,226 GRT/1,433,584 DWT; includes 3 passenger-cargo, 19 cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 3 vehicle carrier, 2 container, 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 chemical, 1 combination ore/oil, 24 bulk, 1 combination bulk
_#_Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft (including 3 helicopters)
_#_Airports: 86 total, 79 usable; 29 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 37 with runways 1,220–2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service; international service is good; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous areas; 53,000 telephones (1986); stations—2 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV (1985); 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force
_#_Manpower availability: eligible 15–49, 20,766,975; of the 10,378,743 males 15–49, 5,566,247 are fit for military service; of the 10,388,232 females 15–49, 5,558,007 are fit for military service; 442,200 males and 431,407 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes are liable for military service
_#Defense expenditures: $315.0 million, 3% of GDP (FY88) % @Burundi *Geography #_Total area: 27,830 km2; land area: 25,650 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland
_#_Land boundaries: 974 km total; Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km, Zaire 233 km
_#_Coastline: none—landlocked
_#_Maritime claims: none—landlocked
_#_Climate: temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands
_#_Terrain: mostly rolling to hilly highland; some plains
_#_Natural resources: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium
_#_Land use: arable land 43%; permanent crops 8%; meadows and pastures 35%; forest and woodland 2%; other 12%; includes irrigated NEGL%
_#_Environment: soil exhaustion; soil erosion; deforestation
_#_Note: landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed
_*People #_Population: 5,831,233 (July 1991), growth rate 3.2% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 47 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 109 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 50 years male, 54 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 6.9 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun—Burundian(s); adjective—Burundi
_#_Ethnic divisions: Africans—Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%; other Africans include about 70,000 refugees, mostly Rwandans and Zairians; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 2,000 South Asians
_#_Religion: Christian about 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%). indigenous beliefs 32%, Muslim 1%
_#_Language: Kirundi and French (official); Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
_#_Literacy: 50% (male 61%, female 40%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
_#_Labor force: 1,900,000 (1983 est.); agriculture 93.0%, government 4.0%, industry and commerce 1.5%, services 1.5; 52% of population of working age (1985)
_#_Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, membership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally); active membership figures NA
_*Government #_Long-form name: Republic of Burundi
_#_Type: republic
_#_Capital: Bujumbura
_#_Administrative divisions: 15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
_#_Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
_#_Constitution: 20 November 1981; suspended following the coup of 3 September 1987; referendum for a new constitution scheduled for March 1992
_#_Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
_#_Executive branch: president; chairman of the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), prime minister
_#_Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee