Industrial Carbon and Graphite Materials. Группа авторов
is used for the production of graphite foils. EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE is different from the deflagration product of graphite oxide (graphitic acid).
See: NATURAL GRAPHITE.
Fibrous Activated Carbon
Description
FIBROUS ACTIVATED CARBON is an ACTIVATED CARBON in form of fibers, filaments, yarns or rovings, and fabrics or felts. Such fibers differ from CARBON FIBERS used for reinforcement purposes in composites by their high surface area, high porosity, and low mechanical strength.
See: ACTIVATED CARBON, CARBON FIBERS.
Notes
Sometimes fabrics of FIBROUS ACTIVATED CARBON are named CHARCOAL cloths; a more precise term is “activated carbon cloth.”
See: ACTIVATED CHARCOAL, CHARCOAL.
Fibrous Carbon
Description
See: FILAMENTOUS CARBON.
Filamentous Carbon
Description
FILAMENTOUS CARBON is a carbonaceous deposit from gaseous carbon compounds, consisting of filaments grown by the catalytic action of metal particles.
Notes
In general, such deposits are obtained at pressures of <100 kPa in the temperature region 600–1300 K on metals such as iron, cobalt, or nickel.
Typical filaments consist of a duplex structure, a relatively oxidation‐resistant skin surrounding a more easily oxidizable core, with a metal particle located at the growing end of the filament. They generally range from 0.01 to 0.5 μm in diameter and up to 10 μm in length.
In some systems, the metal particles are located in the middle of the filaments, and there are also examples where several filaments originate from a single particle.
The filaments may be produced in different conformations, such as helical, twisted, and straight.
See: Baker and Harris [5].
Filler
Description
FILLER (also called GRIST) is a petroleum‐ or coal‐based coke fraction of a green CARBON MIX or formulation. Coarse particles, >0.425 mm, are sometimes referred to as tailings; fine particles, <0.074 mm, are referred to as flour. GRAPHITE flour is also used as FILLER.
See: CARBON MIX, GRAPHITE.
Filler Coke
Description
FILLER COKE is the main constituent of a CARBON ARTIFACT, introduced as solid component (predominantly in the form of PARTICULATE CARBON) into the “CARBON MIX” from which POLYGRANULAR CARBON and GRAPHITE materials are obtained by heat treatment.
See: CARBON ARTIFACT, CARBON MATERIAL, CARBON MIX, GRAPHITE MATERIAL, PARTICULATE CARBON, POLYGRANULAR CARBON, POLYGRANULAR GRAPHITE.
Notes
FILLER COKE is not necessarily the only, but is commonly the most important FILLER material used in a “CARBON MIX” that consists of FILLER and BINDER.
See: BINDER, CARBON MIX, FILLER.
Fluid Coke
Description
FLUID COKE is the CARBONIZATION product of high‐boiling hydrocarbon fractions (heavy residues of petroleum or coal processing) produced by the fluid coking process.
See: CARBONIZATION.
Notes
FLUID COKE consists of spherulitic grains with a spherical layer structure and is generally less graphitizable than DELAYED COKE. Therefore, it is not suitable as FILLER COKE for POLYGRANULAR GRAPHITE products and is also less suitable for POPLYCRYSTALLINE CARBON products. Because of its isotropy it is less suitable to produce an anisotropic SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE. All COKES contain a fraction of matter that can be released as volatiles during heat treatment. This mass fraction, the so‐called volatile matter, is in the case of fluid coke about 6 wt%.
See: COKE, DELAYED COKE, FILLER COKE, POLYCRYSTALLINE CARBON, POLYGRANULAR GRAPHITE, SYNTHETIC GRAPHITE.
Fullerenes
Description
See:
Notes
A description of FULLERENES is not included in the list of terms since it is anticipated, following consultation with Chemical Abstracts Service, that IUPAC will issue provisional recommendations on Fullerene Nomenclature and Terminology. These recommendations, “Nomenclature for the C60‐Ih and C70‐D5h(6) Fullerenes” (IUPAC recommendations 2002), were published in [3].
Furnace Black
Description
FURNACE BLACK is a type of CARBON that is produced industrially in a furnace by incomplete combustion in an adjustable and controllable process that yields a wide variety of properties within the product.
See: CARBON BLACK.
Notes
The most widely employed industrial process for CARBON BLACK production is the furnace process.
See:CARBON BLACK.
Gas‐Phase‐Grown Carbon Fibers
Description
GAS‐PHASE‐GROWN CARBON FIBERS are CARBON FIBERS grown in an atmosphere of hydrocarbons with the aid of fine particulate solid catalysts such as iron or other transition metals and consisting of GRAPHITIZABLE CARBON.
See: CARBON FIBERS, GRAPHITIZABLE CARBON.
Notes
GAS‐PHASE‐GROWN CARBON FIBERS transform during GRAPHITIZATION HEAT TREATMENT into GRAPHITE FIBERS. They show a very high degree of preferred orientation and are particularly suitable for intercalation treatments. The term “vapor‐grown carbon fibers” alternatively used in literature is acceptable. The use of the term “CVD fibers” is not recommended as an alternative for GAS‐PHASE‐GROWN CARBON FIBERS since the term “CVD fibers” also describes fibers grown by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process on substrate fibers.
See: GRAPHITE FIBERS, GRAPHITIZATION HEAT TREATMENT.
Glass‐Like