CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis. Группа авторов
one policy for reducing the use of fossil fuels. To reduce CO2 emissions, as many as 29 countries have implemented carbon taxes as of 2019. Tax rates, including energy taxes, differed according to use and fuel type in 2017. For example, high tax rates are imposed on gasoline in every country, from
Figure 1.7 Carbon tax rate per ton of emitted CO2.
Source: Data from the Ministry of the Environment of Japan [42].
1.6 Conclusion and Perspectives
CO2 utilization will play a crucial role in achieving the internationally agreed climate and energy goals. In particular, the conversion of CO2 to fuels and chemicals will be of significant importance. However, these technologies are still in their infancy, and the following issues require consideration and technological improvements:
1 (i) Supply of H2 and power from renewables.
2 (ii) Cost reduction, mainly for the supply of low‐carbon H2.
3 (iii) Political support to shift from a fossil‐based to CO2‐based economy.
4 (iv) Highly efficient catalysts to minimize energy usage for the valorization of CO2.
In addition, critical evaluation from an LCA perspective will be necessary.
In any case, the spread and expansion of renewable energy are essential, which, in turn, require energy storage and transport. CO2‐based fuels produced by CO2 hydrogenation will contribute to these needs. Therefore, further research into CO2 hydrogenation is necessary from a standpoint of both fundamental science and application. In this respect, we believe the focus of this book on the hydrogenation/electroreduction of CO2 to formic acid and methanol as chemicals and fuels using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts will be of interest to many scientists. It will serve as motivation for studying the development of catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 as a fuel and bulk chemical. In addition, the challenge of activating unreactive CO2 will stimulate the curiosity and creativity of chemists.
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