Na-ion Batteries. Laure Monconduit

Na-ion Batteries

after the first cycle in ...Figure 6.10. Li- and Na-intercalation in hard carbon. (a) Cycling performance fi...Figure 6.11. Nyquist plots from impedance spectroscopy measurements before and a...Figure 6.12. (a) Nyquist plots from impedance spectroscopy measurements for Li (...

8 Chapter 7Figure 7.1. The unit cell of a defect free, cubic Prussian blue structure. The l...Figure 7.2. The unit cell of a cubic Prussian blue structure containing a centra...Figure 7.3. The charge and discharge reaction potential profiles of copper hexac...Figure 7.4. Semiquantitative comparison of the typical deep discharge cycle life...Figure 7.5. The ranges of the typical reaction potentials of electrochemically a...Figure 7.6. Schematic of the electrochemical reactions of Prussian blue and the ...Figure 7.7. Schematic representations of the charge potential profiles and M³⁺ c...Figure 7.8. Scanning electron micrographs, X-ray diffraction spectra, and galvan...Figure 7.9. The effect of lattice parameter on the reaction potentials of hexacy...Figure 7.10. The voltage profiles of cell containing a copper hexacyanoferrate c...Figure 7.11. A commercial PBA cell produced by Natron Energy. This 1.57 V, 4.1 A...Figure 7.12. Galvanostatic charge (top panel) and discharge (bottom panel) profi...Figure 7.13. The normalized capacity, coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency...Figure 7.14. Normalized capacities of 4.1 Ah cells containing two PBA electrodes...Figure 7.15. Cell voltage (top panel) and temperatures at key locations (bottom ...Figure 7.16. The BlueTray4000 UPS battery tray presently sold by Natron Energy. ...Figure 7.17. Schematic of a high-voltage PBA versus hard carbon cell as develope...

9 Chapter 8Figure 8.1. X-ray diffraction pattern (CuK_α irradiation) of (a) a pure O3-type p...Figure 8.2. SEM image of a typical mixed-phase cathode material showing (a) a ~2...Figure 8.3. SEM images of the composite Faradion: (a) cathode electrode and (b) ...Figure 8.4. Schematic representation of a stacked Faradion Na-ion pouch cell. Fo...Figure 8.5. Half-cell (vs. Na metal) performances of Faradion cathode and anode....Figure 8.6. Faradion full Na-ion cell voltage profile at 10 mAh scale. For a col...Figure 8.7. Faradion full Na-ion cell cycling data at (a) C/5 at 4.2–1.0 V, (b) ...Figure 8.8. Faradion full Na-ion cell rate capability for discharge at various r...Figure 8.9. Faradion full Na-ion cell temperature performance at 30, 60 and −20°...Figure 8.10. Schematic of Faradion’s three-electrode cell designFigure 8.11. Three-electrode cycling curves of a typical Faradion cell showing (...Figure 8.12. Effect of 0 V short-circuit at the end of each discharge cycle for ...Figure 8.13. Faradion 1 Ah Na-ion cell cycling performance. For a color version ...Figure 8.14. Faradion’s E-bike battery pack modules. For a color version of this...Figure 8.15. Faradion’s Na-ion powered E-bike in operationFigure 8.16. Faradion 12 Ah Na-ion pouch cells. (a) Picture of such a cell conta...Figure 8.17. Faradion Gen 2 anode performance in (a) half-cell and (b) three-ele...Figure 8.18. Comparison of cell energy densities obtained between Faradion’s uno...Figure 8.19. Comparison of cathode-specific discharge capacities and average dis...

List of Tables

1 Chapter 2Table 2.1. Cell parameters of different Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ polymorphs observed at diffe...

2 Chapter 3Table 3.1. Comparison between sodium and lithium characteristicsTable 3.2. Electrochemical performance of different HC reported in literature

3 Chapter 4Table 4.1. Highly sodiated Na_xM phases with the corresponding capacity, volume c...Table 4.2. List of selected CM investigated in NIB based on their anteriority. C...

4 Chapter 5Table 5.1. Structure and abbreviations of common IL and plastic crystal cations ...

5 Chapter 7Table 7.1. Syntheses, compositions, structures, and reaction potentials of PB an...Table 7.2. Reaction potentials of PBA anodesTable 7.3. List of cells containing one PBA electrode and a second electrode of ...

6 Chapter 8Table 8.1. Safety/abuse testing of Faradion 10 Ah Na-ion pouch cells (IEC 62660-...Table 8.2. A summary of some of Faradion’s key issued U.S. patentsTable 8.3. Comparison of cathode specific discharge capacities and average disch...