Handbook of Web Surveys. Jelke Bethlehem

Handbook of Web Surveys - Jelke Bethlehem


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by optimizing each questionnaire for corresponding mode (mode‐specific approach).

      EXAMPLE 3.2 Compulsory question

      In this case, the respondent is not allowed for skipping the answer to question 1.

      An error message appears and the question is submitted again.

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      The question is asking for a percentage composition. Automatically is checked if the sum is equal to 100%.

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Checks pending Corrected errors Replacements
Paper 0.89 4.74 4.89
Web 0.85 2.88 3.39

      The third important sub‐step in questionnaire design is Visualization. This is a critical point in a web/mobile web survey. Colors, pictures, character formats, and the presence or absence of a progress bar are all factors affecting the interviewee's perception and could greatly improve or reduce response errors (response values elated to the interpretation of the content and of the questions, item nonresponses, decision to participate in the survey, etc.). Colors, for instance, affect the readability of the screen, possibly making completion less pleasant. Dark and highly contrasted colors are more difficult to read, as well as too hell colors. Formats and pictures have a different impact if presented on a PC screen rather than on a smartphone screen. On a small screen pictures are disturbing. Thus, the visual readability of the questionnaire is essential to enhance participation, not increase measurement errors (due to bad understanding of the questions or distraction due to not adequate—in the content and in the size—pictures).

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