Hydraulic Fluid Power. Andrea Vacca

      1 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Correspondence between the DIN and the ISO standard for mineral oil...Table 2.2 Comparison between different hydraulic fluids.Table 2.3 Typical values for fluid density.Table 2.4 Fluid parameters used for the plot of Figure 2.4.Table 2.5 ISO classes for hydraulic oils according to the viscosity grade.Table 2.6 Typical values for the viscosity index.Table 2.7 Typical clearances in hydraulic components.Table 2.8 Codification of the fluid cleanliness according to ISO 4406, with t...Table 2.9 Code for the cleanliness level of a hydraulic fluid according to IS...Table 2.10 Suggested cleanliness code for typical hydraulic components accord...Table 2.11 Typical pressure drops in filters depending on the filter installa...

      2 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Lumped parameter elements for a hydraulic line and electric equival...Table 5.2 Hydraulic impedance and transfer function representation of a hydra...

      3 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Features and main operating parameters of the most common positive ...

      4 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Main differences between conventional proportional DCV and servoval...

      5 Chapter 25Table 25.1 Non‐dimensional values for the rolling resistance factor.

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 The axial piston pump sketched by A. Ramelli [1].Figure 1.2 The Williams–Janney transmission was based on axial piston design...Figure 1.3 A collage of pictures from historical moments of the fluid power ...Figure 1.4 Hydraulic system of a jet blast deflector.Figure 1.5 Hydraulic circuit with pilot‐controlled sequence valve.Figure 1.6 Hydraulic circuit for moving an actuator.Figure 1.7 Meaning of different types of lines in hydraulic circuits.Figure 1.8 Common symbols for prime movers and mechanical rotary transmissio...Figure 1.9 Common symbols utilized for prime movers and energy conversion un...Figure 1.10 Common symbols utilized for directional and pressure control ele...Figure 1.11 Symbols used for accessory elements and sensors.

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Example of simple hydraulic circuit. The hydraulic fluid can be i...Figure 2.2 Classification of mineral oils according to ISO 6473‐4.Figure 2.3 Classification of fire‐resistant fluids according to ISO 7745....Figure 2.4 Density variation with pressure for three oils (parameters listed...Figure 2.5 Density variation with temperature for three oils (parameters lis...Figure 2.6 Shear stress in a fluid: initial rest condition (a) and (b) after...Figure 2.7 Viscosity of hydraulic fluids as a function of the temperature.Figure 2.8 Qualitative representation of the viscosity index (VI).Figure 2.9 Viscosity as a function of pressure.Figure 2.10 Typical causes of entrained air within the hydraulic fluid: (a) ...Figure 2.11 Equilibrium states for a liquid considering gas solubility.Figure 2.12 Compression of a mixture of liquid and undissolved gas.Figure 2.13 Graphical representation of the dissolved and undissolved air in...Figure 2.14 Solid particles entering the clearances of a hydraulic control v...Figure 2.15 Suction filtration circuit.Figure 2.16 High pressure filtration circuit: (a) application to the whole c...Figure 2.17 Return filtration circuit.Figure 2.18 Offline filtration circuit.Figure 2.19 Typical design of a hydraulic reservoir.

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Basic hydraulic machine.Figure 3.2 Fluid pressure increases with depth.Figure 3.3 Elevation difference in the hydraulic circuit of a mobile applica...Figure 3.4 Flow through a pipe: velocity vector and surface area vector. (a)...Figure 3.5 Actual velocity profile (laminar and turbulent flow) and uniform ...Figure 3.6 Control volume (CV) and bounding control surface (CS).Figure 3.7 Conservation of mass in a hydraulic junction.Figure 3.8 Representation of a hydraulic cylinder during the extension.Figure 3.9 Venturi tube and representation of streamlines.Figure 3.10 Laminar (a) and turbulent (b) velocity profiles in a pipe, with ...Figure 3.11 Example of analysis of major and minor losses in a pipe flow.Figure 3.12 Moody's diagram for the calculation of the friction factor.Figure 3.13 Example of separation region at a flow entrance.Figure 3.14 Resistance across a hydraulic check valve.Figure