Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease. Группа авторов

      Frontiers in Diabetes

      Founded 1981 by F. Belfiore, Catania

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Sabanayagam, Charumathi, editor. | Wong, Tien Yin, editor.

      Title: Diabetic retinopathy and cardiovascular disease / volume editors, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Tien Y. Wong.

      Description: Basel ; New York : Karger, 2019. | Series: Frontiers in diabetes, ISSN 0251-5342 ; vol. 27 | Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2019012527 (print) | LCCN 2019013582 (ebook) | ISBN 9783318065077 (eBook) | ISBN 9783318065060 (hard cover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318065077 (e-ISBN)

      Subjects: | MESH: Diabetic Retinopathy--complications | Cardiovascular Diseases--complications | Disease Susceptibility | Risk Assessment--methods

      Classification: LCC RE661.D5 (ebook) | LCC RE661.D5 (print) | NLM WK 835 | DDC 617.7/35--dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019012527

      Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services.

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      Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.

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      © Copyright 2019 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland)

       www.karger.com

      Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706)

      ISSN 0251–5342

      e-ISSN 1662–2995

      ISBN 978–3–318–06506–0

      e-ISBN 978–3–318–06507–7

      Contents

Preface

      Sabanayagam, C.; Wong T.Y. (Singapore)

Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Diabetes Mellitus

      Hare, M.J.L.; Shaw , J.E. (Melbourne, VIC)

       Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy

      Jonas, J.B. (Mannheim); Sabanayagam, C. (Singapore)

       Diabetic Retinopathy and Stroke

      Lai, J.; Wong, V.; Liew, G. (Sydney, NSW)

       Diabetic Retinopathy and Heart Disease

      Quek Qiao Yun, D.; Cheung, N. (Singapore)

       Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy

      Kiew, S.Y.; Sabanayagam, C. (Singapore)

       Diabetic Retinopathy and Mortality

      Grauslund, J. (Odense)

       Retinal Vascular Changes in Diabetes and Dementia

      Chan, V.T.T.; Wong, P.P.Y.; Cheung, C.Y. (Hong Kong)

       Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

      Chatziralli, I.P. (Athens); Sivaprasad, S. (London)

       Novel Retinal Imaging in Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Systemic Vascular Diseases

      Ting, D.S.W. (Singapore); Peng, L.; Varadarajan, A.V. (Mountain View, CA); Liu, T.Y.A. (Baltimore, MD)

       Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes: Insights from Diabetes Trials

      Lee, P.T.; Chin, C.W.L. (Singapore)

       Author Index

       Subject Index

Preface

      Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is a common microvascular complication of diabetes, is a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Beyond the eye, retinopathy changes in diabetic patients have been shown to carry an increased risk for cardiovascular events including coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, all-cause and CVD mortality. In addition to clinical CVD, DR has also been shown to be associated with subclinical measures of atherosclerosis. Independent of diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for CVD and death due to CVD accounts for up to 50% of all deaths in patients with moderate and severe CKD. DR is a well-known risk factor for CKD. DR shares many risk factors, genetic and pathogenic pathways