Digital Cities Roadmap. Группа авторов
This system blends smart home automation with a safety management function, with Honeywell Complete Link Remote Services. This helps us to track and regulate things through decorations and windshield covers to home security devices and smoke alarms.
Networking and Home Gateway
An SB incorporates a contact network to monitor the building’s electronic devices and services. The information network in an intelligent city, such as the conventional computing networks, will be focused on different networking channels.
Software Platform
In order to be a “smart” house, all the computers and structures of the house will safely connect and exchange knowledge, as well as through laptops, tablets and cloud servers. In sharing, archiving and disseminating knowledge via numerous protocols, web systems play a key role.
Machine Learning Framework
Massive information generated by detectors, wearables and other technologies have comprehensive knowledge regarding the product background and construction status, which can be used to construct SB management.
The ML algorithms can be split between walking and jogging lessons between potential data points. Without any human intervention, it is fairly straightforward for ML to build sophisticated software systems. They are applicable in SB environments to many real-life issues. Self-learning and collaboration frameworks may also be built and created. ML algorithms can research and render input data predictions.
The furnace of both the nesting is an illustration of a device that, like the resident desired, maintains a different climate in a certain location and at those periods of the day. These are applications like the Amazon’s Alexa that can understand from words, whereas some learn from even more nuanced behaviors. In order to create intelligent systems that can sense and respond according to contextual shifts, ML strategies have been used extensively.
The four main categories of Machine Learning are: Supervised Learning, Semi-Supervised learning, Unsupervised Learning and Reinforcement Learning. Figure 1.23 shows ML styles. The next explanation of these groups is the integration of this methodology in Table 1.5.
Supervised Learning: The ML model is built through an inputtraining cycle which continues until the model achieves the required accuracy. Some of the examples of commonly monitored ML algorithms include: Naive Bayes model, decision-making tree, linear discriminatory functions (SVMs), hidden Markov models (HMMs), instance education (for instance, k neighbor learning), ensembles (bagging, boosting, random forest), logistic regression, genetic algorithms and so on. ML algorithms are also common to use as an alternative algorithm. Monitored methods of learning are commonly used to solve different problems in SB.
Classification: Classification algorithms are intended to classify an instance into specific discreet categories. Due to two data sets (labeled and unscheduled data sets), the labeled data set is used to train.
Figure 1.23 Machine learning techniques.
Decision Tree Algorithms: The decision tree approach is a key predictive ML modeling approach, which constructs a decision model based on the real values of the data’s features. For both classification and regression issues, decision trees can be used.
Bayesian Algorithms: For classification and regression questions, the Bayesian approaches use Bayes’ theorem. Naive Bayes, Naive Gauss, Bayesian beliefs network, Bayesian Network and Bayesian Network are most general.
Support Vector Machine (SVM): SVM is one of the most commonly used for a large range of problems of statistical learning, including the identification of the face and object, classification of messages, spam-related detection and handwriting analysis.
Artificial Neural Network Algorithms (ANNs): The mechanism of the biologic neural networks inspires the ANN models. For regression and classification problems, ANN models are frequently used. The major algorithms are: perceptron, back-propagation (back-propagation), Hopefield network and radial feature network (RBFN).
Deep Learning Algorithms: Deep learning techniques reflect a type of advanced NANs in which deep (many layers consisting of several linear and non-linear transformations) architecture is used.
Hidden Markov Models (HMM): An HMM is a twice stochastic cycle with a secret corresponding stochastic system that can be found in the series of symbols that another stochastic mechanism generated.
Statistical Analysis: A critical path is a collection of scenarios; sets typically contain high dimensionality, a wide range of cases and continuous changes.
Table 1.5 Difference between of ML techniques.
| Category | Type | Algorithms | Pros | Cons | Applicability in SBs |
| Supervised Learning | Classification | Neural networks | Request little statistical training: Can detect complex non-linear relationships | Computational burden; Prone to Overfitting; Picking the correct topology is difficult; Training can take a lot of data | Used for classification control and automated home, appliances, next step/action prediction |
| SVM | Can avoid overfitting using the regularization; expert knowledge using appropriate kernels | Computationally expensive; Slow: Choice of kernel models and parameter, sensitive to overfitting | Classification and regression problems in SBs such as activity recognitions, human tracking, energy efficiency services | ||
| Bayesian networks | Very simple representation does not allow for rich hypothesis | You should train a loge training set to me it well | Energy management and human activity recognition | ||
| Decision trees | Non-parametric algorithm that it easy to interpret and explain | Can easily overfit | Patient monitoring, healthcare services, awareness and notification service | ||