Arc Welding Processes Handbook. Ramesh Kumar Singh

Arc Welding Processes Handbook

Arc Welding Processes Handbook - Ramesh Kumar Singh

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ground clamp. Pictures courtesy of LENCO® catalogue

       Figure 2.8.5.1 NEMA rating

       Figure 2.9.1 A typical hand-held welding shield

       Figure 2.9.2 Miller Digital Elite helmet

       Figure 2.9.3 A typical welding helmet

       Figure 2.10.2 Portfolio of SMAW electrodes

       Figure 2.10.3 AWS electrode classification method

       Figure 2.10.5.1 Shop use electrode drying oven

       Figure 2.10.5.2 Portable electrode holder also called quivers

       Figure 2.11.1 Different types of weld joints

       Figure 2.11.2 Different types of weld designs

       Figure 2.11.3 Welding positions for welding a plate, the positions are primarily designated in relation to the position of the weld to the horizontal surface of the earth

       Figure 2.11.4 Positions of plate and pipe butt welds and fillet welds with both AWS and European designations

       Figure 2.11.5 Above figure shows the permitted angular tolerance for specifically designated welding positions for pipe welding

       Figure 2.11.3.1 Testing a fillet weld

       Figure 2.11.3.2 Testing a fillet weld using a hammer

       Figure 2.11.3.3 Size and nomenclature of fillet weld

       Figure 2.11.3.4 A single pass fillet weld

       Figure 2.11.3.5 A single pass fillet weld with (arc termination) stop in the middle and restarted (arc re-initiation) from that point

       Figure 2.11.3.6 A multi-passes fillet weld-note the termination of arc start and stops are staggered

       Figure 2.11.3.7 A micro-etch of a double sided two pass fillet weld – compare the weld with the nomenclatures figure given above, to see how these two welds meet the standard requirements

       Figure 2.11.4.1 Weld appearances matched with arc current, and arc travel speed

       Figure 2.11.4.2 Pictures of the weld appearances and probable cause for the quality of weld produced

       Figure 2.11.9 This is a rotator with one end of the pipe held in a three-jaw, self-centering chuck the free end of the pipe rests on a free rotating roller, it can be raised or lowered to level the pipe to align the weld ends

       Figure 2.11.10 This rotator is similar to the one above except that the pipe end is placed on a motor driven set of rollers on one end, and the other end is on the set of idle rollers, which can be lowered or raised to align and level the weld joint

       Figure 2.11.11 A heavy-duty rotator

       Figure 2.11.12 Weld tacks bridging two pieces of pipe

       Figure 2.11.13 Shows a removable tack

       Figure 2.11.14 This picture shows both the bridge tack using external pieces of metal below, and just above that is the tack within the groove using welding

       Figure 2.11.15 Typical CS pipe weld

       Figure 2.11.10.1 Bevel edge preparation for vertical-up pipe in 6G position

       Figure 2.11.10.2 The vertical up progression – note the direction of electrode movement

       Figure 2.11.11.1 Vertical down progression

       Figure 2.11.11.2 Weld profile of each pass

       Figure 2.11.11.3 The sketch above shows a typical weld layers of several passes - note the sequencing numbers on each pass

       Figure 2.12.6 Aluminum fillet weld-bend testing

       Figure 2.12.12 Typical stainless-steel pipe weld, and weld-o-let on the header

       Figure 2.12.13 Pipe is assembled and prior to welding, the welder is tacking them with the GTAW process

       Figure 2.12.18 Schaeffler diagram

       Figure 2.12.19 DeLong diagram

       Figure 2.14 Nickel alloy plate being welded

       Figure 2.1 Nickel is in 10th group and 4th period in the periodic table, its atomic number is

       Figure 2.14.2 Typical nickel welding electrodes – note the electrode identification making on the electrode

       Figure 2.14.3 Nickel alloy welding (note the fillet weld in upward progression)

       Figure 3.3.2 A GTAW welder, note the welding torch, and the filler wire in each hand

       Figure 3.4.1 Typical GTAW welding process with details of the welding torch

       Figure 3.5.1 A typical GTAW set-up with positions of gas cylinder, welding machine, electrode holder and work-piece

       Figure 3.5.2 The cleaning process by the current cycle

       Figure 3.5.3 High and low frequency currents in pulsing

      

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