Russian-Danish Students Conference in Copenhagen. November – December 2018. Bjørnø Irina
of the rights and freedoms.
Conclusion
The analysis of the development of the autonomy of the Faroe Islands suggests that it arose because of the growth of separatism and due to tolerance on the part of Denmark. The peace has been preserving thanks to the creation of sufficiently effective mechanisms of public administration in this territorial unit of Denmark. The fact that unionists and separatists quite peacefully and in a businesslike manner form such a “left-liberal” coalition at the level of the island region is a rather interesting thing. Moreover, it definitely shows that the question of the early separation from Denmark from Farer hardly stands in the foreground.
Therefore, it remains a mystery what for the Faroe Islands is more important: the pride or well-being of its citizens? We will not get an answer to this question soon, but the real strength of the supporters of independence (even with all their ideological and political multicolor) is beyond doubt. Therefore, it is not possible to speak about any predetermination in this Faroese case.
Bibliography
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– Debes Н. The formation of a Nation: The Faroe Islands / Н. Debes // Ethnicity and Nation Building in the Nordic World [Text]. – London, 1995. – P. 58—71.
– Gordonh David, ed. Secession, State, and Liberty [Text]. – London, 2002. – 334 p.
– Jan E. The Paradox of Federalism: Does Self-Rule Accommodate or Exacerbate Ethnic Divisions? [Internet source] / E. Jan, A. Lawrence. – Accessed: https://bit.ly/2A506yD
– Joensen J. Higher Education in the Faroe Islands /J. Joensen // Nordic Journal of International Law [Text]. – 1988. – Vol. 57. – P. 300—309
– Olafsson A. Note on the Faroe Islands Home Rule Case / А. Olafsson // Local self-government, territorial integrity [Text]. – Council of Europe, 1996. – P. 98—109.
– Poulsen H. Self-Government and Natural Resources – The Faroese Case / H. Poulsen / Nordic Journal of International Law [Text]. – 1988. – Vol. 57. – P. 335—343.
– West John F. The History of the Faroe Islands, 1709- 1816 [Text] / John F. West. – København: CA Reitzel, 1985. – 312 p.
– Wylie J. The Faroe Islands Interpretations of History [Text] / J. Wylie. – Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1987. – 196 p.
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DANISH PEACEMAKING
Adelina Antipova, 3rd year student of the faculty of Management and economics, Institute of World Civilizations, Moscow
Abstract: This article describes one of the key aspects of Denmark’s foreign policy – supporting relations with other states as an independent sovereign state. The task to go over the influence of international peacekeeping on the state itself and its position in the European Union is considered to be the beginning of the policy the Danish kingdom nowadays. The article presents the main provisions on the topic based on the analysis of literature and Internet sources.
Keywords: Denmark, UN, NATO, foreign policy, international peacekeeping, unitary state, Europe, military personnel, operations, Danish peacekeeping, “blue helmets”.
Introduction
The Danish kingdom is a sovereign unitary state. However, such regions of Denmark as the Faroe Islands and Greenland are the possessions of the Danish monarchy only from the 18th century and have their own cultural and historical identity [4]. Therefore, they have extensive autonomy and local government has broad legislative and administrative full powers.
Denmark’s foreign policy is based on identifying the country as a sovereign nation of Europe. Based on the foregoing, the main criterion for foreign policy is supporting relations with the other countries as the independent sovereign states. This role stipulates equal negotiations with other states which allows to be members of the United Nations (further UN) and enter international economic and political organizations. Denmark has a positive reputation in terms of relations with the other countries. It actively participated in the direction and coordination of Western assistance to the Baltic countries. As part of the UN Protection, Denmark has participated and still participates today in the territory of the former Yugoslavia. Denmark also pursues foreign policy regarding human rights, democracy and other human values, and is an active participant in international peacemaking.
International peacemaking
This is the method that allows and directs various regions to agreements and permission of the intentions of the war or its termination, is called peacemaking. The founder of the method is the UN – UN peacekeeping forces as armed forces of countries.
Initially it was assumed that these operations would be conducted with respect to enforce cease-fire and separation of opposing sides after interstate wars [6]. However, hereinafter according to the UN Charter, the function of eliminating threats of peace and secure conflict resolutions is also included into international peacemaking.
Peacekeeping is carried out in a safe way by joint coercive actions regarding an object that threatens the world [6]. The list of methods, tools and tools includes (for VI and VII chapters of the UN Charter):
– Peaceful means such as negotiations, establishing facts, arbitration etc.
– Traditional operations, serving in the role of paramilitary means.
– Coercive means, nonmilitary, such as legal, economic and other sanctions [5].
Powers, including decisions on funding, creation, composition belongs to the UN Council. International peacemaking acts as a function of the third role in social activities, which is aimed at war. In the history of the League of Nations managed to resolve and prevent more than 70 political conflicts.
It is worth pointing out a moment of voluntary provision of service troops by UN states-members. This means that the UN does not have a permanent international contingent – neither military nor police [5].
Denmark and international peacemaking
Denmark puts emphasis on such an aspect as the country’s authority in the international arena and its influence on all processes occurring on the European continent. It should be noted that the state of the national armed forces and their participation in international peacekeeping is one of the determining criteria of this factor. However, in 1949, when Denmark joined the bloc of the founding countries of NATO, it stated that it was not ready to place military bases and weapons on the territory of the state during peacetime [2]. The emphasis was also placed on limiting the military activities of other states on Bornholm. It should be noted that this information does not apply to such regions as Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
Denmark has been participating in International Peacekeeping since 1948. Participation in this activity began when 11 soldiers of the kingdom were sent to the Middle East under the UN flag as military observers as part of a multinational military contingent. A year later, 6 military observers were sent from Denmark such as other representatives from 45 countries [1]. The newly formed UN mission envisioned monitoring the implementation of the ceasefire agreement between India and Pakistan. The events of these years are considered to be the beginning of Denmark’s participation in the UN international peacekeeping forces.
Gradually, the geography of active participation of the Danish troops has been increasing. From the mid-1950’s to the beginning of the