The Orthodontic Mini-implant Clinical Handbook. Richard Cousley
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7 7 Martinelli, F.L., Luiz, R.R., Faria, M., and Nojima, L.I. (2010). Anatomic variability in alveolar sites for skeletal anchorage. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 138: 252e1–e9.
8 8 Monnerat, C., Restle, L., and Mucha, J.N. (2009). Tomographic mapping of mandibular interradicular spaces for placement of orthodontic mini‐implants. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 135: 428e1–e9.
9 9 Ono, A., Motoyoshi, M., and Shimizu, N. (2008). Cortical bone thickness in the buccal posterior region for orthodontic mini‐implants. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 37: 334–340.
10 10 Park, J. and Cho, H.J. (2009). Three‐dimensional evaluation of interradicular spaces and cortical bone thickness for the placement and initial stability of microimplants in adults. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 136: 314e1–314e12.
11 11 Biavati, A.S., Tecco, S., Migliorati, M. et al. (2011). Three‐dimensional tomographic mapping related to primary stability and structural miniscrew characteristics. Orthod. Craniofac. Res. 14: 88–99.
12 12 Cha, J.Y., Takano‐Yamamoto, T., and Hwang, C.J. (2010). The effect of miniscrew taper on insertion and removal torque in dogs. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants 25: 777–783.
13 13 Holm, L., Cunningham, S.J., Petrie, A., and Cousley, R.R.J. (2012). An in vitro study of factors affecting the primary stability of orthodontic mini‐implants. Angle Orthod. 82: 1022–1028.
14 14 Marquezan, M., Lau, T.C.L., Mattos, C.T. et al. (2012). Bone mineral density. Methods of measurement and its influence on primary stability of miniscrews. Angle Orthod. 82: 62–66.
15 15 Motoyoshi, M., Yoshida, T., Ono, A., and Shimizu, N. (2007). Effect of cortical bone thickness and implant placement torque on stability of orthodontic mini‐implants. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 22: 779–784.
16 16 Wilmes, B. and Drescher, D. (2011). Impact of bone quality, implant type, and implantation site preparation on insertion torques of mini‐implants used for orthodontic anchorage. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 40: 697–703.
17 17 Wilmes, B., Rademacher, C., Olthoff, G., and Drescher, D. (2006). Parameters affecting primary stability of orthodontic mini‐implants. J. Orofac. Orthop. 67: 162–174.
18 18 Suzuki, E.Y. and Suzuki, B. (2011). Placement and removal torque values of orthodontic miniscrew implants. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 139: 669–678.
19 19 Kim, K., Yu, W., Park, H. et al. (2011). Optimization of orthodontic microimplant thread design. Korean J. Orthod. 41: 25–35.
20 20 Motoyoshi, M., Hirabayashi, M., Uemura, M., and Shimizu, N. (2006). Recommended placement torque when tightening an orthodontic mini‐implant. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 17: 109–114.
21 21 Motoyoshi, M., Uemura, M., Ono, A. et al. (2010). Factors affecting the long‐term stability of orthodontic mini‐implants. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 137: 588.e1–588.e5.
22 22 Wilmes, B. and Drescher, D. (2009). Impact of insertion depth and predrilling diameter on primary stability of orthodontic mini‐implants. Angle Orthod. 79: 609–614.
23 23 McManus, M.M., Qian, F., Grosland, N.M. et al. (2011). Effect of miniscrew placement torque on resistance to miniscrew movement under load. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 140: e93–e98.
24 24 Di Leonardo, B., Ludwig, B., Lisson, J.A. et al. (2018). Insertion torque values and success rates for paramedian insertion of orthodontic miniimplants. J. Orofac. Orthop. 79: 109–115.
25 25 Nguyen, M.V., Codrington, J., Fletcher, L. et al. (2018). The influence of miniscrews insertion torque. Eur. J. Orthod. 40: 37–44.
26 26 Park, H., Lee, Y., Jeong, S., and Kwon, T. (2008). Density of the alveolar and basal bones of the maxilla and mandible. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 133: 30–37.
27 27 Choi, J., Park, C., Yi, S. et al. (2009). Bone density measurement in interdental areas with simulated placement of orthodontic miniscrew implants. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 136: 766 e1–766 e12.
28 28 Chun, Y.S. and Lim, W.H. (2009). Bone density at interradicular sites: implications for orthodontic mini‐implant placement. Orthod. Craniofac. Res. 12: 25–32.
29 29 Marquezan, M., Lima, I., Lopes, R.T. et al. (2014). Is trabecular bone related to primary stability of miniscrews? Angle Orthod. 84: 500–507.
30 30 Lee, M.‐Y., Jae Hyun Park, J.H., and Sang‐Cheol Kim, S.‐C. (2016). Bone density effects on the success rate of orthodontic microimplants evaluated with cone‐beam computed tomography. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 149: 217–224.
31 31 Dalstra, M., Cattaneo, P.M., and Melsen, B. (2004). Load transfer of miniscrews for orthodontic anchorage. Orthodontist 1: 53–62.
32 32 Ludwig, B., Glasl, B., Kinziner, G.S.M. et al. (2011). Anatomical guidelines for miniscrew insertion: vestibular interradicular sites. J. Clin. Orthod. 45: 165–173.
33 33 Parmar, R., Reddy, V., Reddy, S.K., and Reddy, D. (2016). Determination of soft tissue thickness at orthodontic miniscrew placement sites using ultrasonography for customizing screw selection. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 150: 651–658.
34 34 Antoszewska, J., Papadopoulos, M.A., Park, H.S., and Ludwig, B. (2009). Five‐year experience with orthodontic miniscrews implants: a retrospective investigation of factors influencing success rates. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 136: 158.e1–158.e10.
35 35 Park, H., Jeong, S., and Kwon, O. (2006). Factors affecting the clinical success of screw implants used as orthodontic anchorage. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 130: 18–25.
36 36 Wu, T., Kuang, S., and Wu, C. (2009). Factors associated with the stability of mini‐implants for orthodontic anchorage: a study of 414 samples in Taiwan. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 67: 1595–1599.
37 37 Cheng, S.J., Tseng, I.Y., Lee, J.J., and Kok, S.H. (2004). A prospective study of the risk factors associated with failure of mini‐implants used for orthodontic anchorage. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants 19: 100–106.
38 38 Miyawaki, S., Koyama, I., Inoue, M. et al. (2003). Factors associated with the stability of titanium screws placed in the posterior region for orthodontic anchorage. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 124: 373–378.
39 39 Viwattanatipa, N., Thanakitcharu, S., Uttraravichien, A., and Pitiphat, W. (2009). Survival analysis of surgical miniscrews as orthodontic anchorage. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 136: 29–36.
40 40 Baumgaertel, S. and Tran, T.T. (2012). Buccal mini‐implant site selection: the mucosal fallacy and zones of opportunity. J. Clin. Orthod. 46: 434–436.
41 41 Baumgaertel, S. (2014). Hard and soft tissue considerations at mini‐implant insertion sites. J. Orthod. 41: S3–S7.
42 42 Moon, C., Park, H., Nam, J. et al. (2010). Relationship between vertical skeletal pattern and success rate of orthodontic mini‐implants. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 138: 51–57.
43 43 Horner, K.A., Behrents, R.G., Kim, K., and Buschang, P.H. (2012). Cortical bone and ridge thickness of hyperdivergent and hypodivergent adults. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 142: 170–178.
44 44 Ozdemir, F., Tozlu, M., and Germec‐Cakan, D. (2013). Cortical bone thickness of the alveolar process measured with cone beam computed tomography in patients with different facial types. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 143: 190–196.
45 45 Veli, I., Uysal, T., Baysal, A., and Karadede, I. (2014). Buccal cortical bone thickness at miniscrew placement sites in patients with different vertical skeletal patterns. J. Orthofac. Orthop. 74: 417–429.
46 46 Cousley, R.R.J. (2010). A clinical strategy for maxillary molar intrusion using orthodontic mini‐implants and a customised palatal arch. J. Orthod. 37: 197–203.
47 47 Motoyoshi, M., Matsuoka, M., and Shimizu, N. (2007). Application of orthodontic mini‐implants in adolescents. Int.