Health Psychology. Michael Murray
As a scholar activist, she became actively involved in supporting activities for Oxfam, the Association for International Cancer Research, CRIBS Philippines and Save the Children UK. In addition to previous editions of this book, Emee is also the author of the ‘Psychology in Your Life’ Book Series (2019), including titles such as The Imposter Syndrome Remedy, Change Your Life for Good and Fear is Not My Enemy. She also sits on the editorial board of the Journal of Health Psychology, Health Psychology Open and Community, Work and Family.
Copyright Acknowledgements
The authors and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to use copyright material:
Chapter 1
The Institute of Futures Studies for Figure 1.5, ‘A framework for the determinants of health’ Dahlgren, G., Whitehead, M. (1991). Policies and Strategies to Promote Social Equity in Health. Stockholm, Sweden: Institute for Futures Studies.
Chapter 2
Terese Winslow for Figure 2.5, The brain, brainstem, medulla, pons and other important brain structures.
Springer Nature for Figure 2.10, Gamble, K.L., Berry, R., Frank, S.J. and Young, M.E. (2014). Circadian clock control of endocrine factors. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 10 (8): 466–75.
Oxford University Press, for Figure 2.11, Neuman, H., Debelius, J.W., Knight, R. and Koren, O. (2015). Microbial endocrinology: the interplay between the microbiota and the endocrine system. FEMS Microbiology Review, 39 (4): 509–21. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuu010.
Chapter 3
Springer Nature, for Figure 3.5, Polderman, T.J., Benyamin, B., De Leeuw, C.A., Sullivan, P.F., Van Bochoven, A., Visscher, P.M. et al. (2015). Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies. Nature Genetics, 47 (7): 702–9.
John Wiley and Sons, for Figure 3.6, Hadas, Y., Katz, M.G., Bridges, C.R. and Zangi, L. (2017). Modified mRNA as a therapeutic tool to induce cardiac regeneration in ischemic heart disease. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine, 9 (1). doi:10.1002/wsbm.1367.
Springer Nature, for Figure 3.7, Bowers, M.E. and Yehuda, R. (2016). Intergenerational transmission of stress in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41 (1): 232–44.
Elsevier, for Figure 3.8, Klengel, T. and Binder, E.B. (2015). Epigenetics of stress-related psychiatric disorders and gene × environment interactions. Neuron, 86 (6): 1343–57.
Chapter 5
Publication for Figure 5.1, Reproduced with permission from Elsevier, Journal Public Health ‘Why the Scots die younger: synthesizing the evidence’, June, 2012, Vol/Iss: 126 (6) pp.459–70.
Chapter 14
Figure 14.3, ‘Examples of loss-framed and gain-framed messages for smoking cessation’ (source: www.yalescientific.org).
Figure 14.4, ‘Health literacy levels in eight European nations’ (HLS-EU Consortium, 2012, Comparative Report of Health Literacy in Eight EU Member States: The European Health Literacy Survey, http://ec.europa.eu/eahc/documents/news/Comparative_report_on_health_literacy_in_eight_EU_member_states.pdf).
Elsevier, for Figure 14.5, Schulz, P.J. and Nakamoto, K. (2013). Health literacy and patient empowerment in health communication: the importance of separating conjoined twins. Patient Education and Counseling, 90 (1): 4–11.
Chapter 15
Oxford University Press, for Figure 15.1, von Wagner, C., Good, A., Whitaker, K.L., Wardle, J. (2011). Psychosocial determinants of socioeconomic inequalities in cancer screening participation: a conceptual framework. Epidemiol Rev, 33: 135–47. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxq018
The World Health Organisation for Figure 15.2.
Chapter 16
Figure 16.1, Protesters outside of St Paul’s Cathedral in London (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_London).
Chapter 17
John Wiley and Sons, for Figure 17.1, Joseph, J.J., and Golden, S.H. (2017). Cortisol dysregulation: the bidirectional link between stress, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1391 (1), 20–34.
Taylor & Francis, for Figure 17.2, Cox, T. (1978). Stress. London: Macmillan Press.
Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangement at the first opportunity.
Preface
Welcome to Health Psychology: Theory, Research and Practice (Sixth Edition). This textbook provides an in-depth introduction to the field of health psychology. It is designed for all readers wishing to update their knowledge about psychology and health, especially undergraduates and postgraduates taking courses in health psychology, medicine, nursing, public health, and other subjects allied to medicine and health care. The authors strive to present a balanced view of the field and its theories, research and applications. We aim to present the mainstream ideas, theories and studies within health psychology and to examine the underlying theoretical assumptions and critically analyse methods, evidence and conclusions. This edition updates all content from previous editions and adds significant, core topics from the biological and clinical domains.
All mainstream domains and topics relevant to health psychology are included. A key feature of this textbook is the equal priority given to the three aspects of the biopsychosocial (BPS) approach: biological, social and psychological determinants of health, illness and health care. The authors argue that both social embeddedness and psychological influences are as important to health and illness as genes and ‘germs’. In this book we attempt to locate health psychology within its global, social and political contexts. We attempt to provide a snapshot of the ‘bigger picture’ using a wide-angle lens, as well as giving detailed, critical analyses of the ‘nitty-gritty’ of theory, research and practice.
This textbook introduces readers to the field of health psychology, the major foundations and theoretical approaches, contemporary research on core topics, and how this theory and evidence is being applied in practice. This more streamlined sixth edition includes a new chapter on stress as well as brand new online case studies. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) occurred as this book was being prepared for production in the first months of 2020. As we were checking the proofs, in May 2020, almost 6 million people had been infected with COVID-19, 2.5 million people had recovered, but, sadly, 350,000 people had died. Around 4 billion people are estimated to have been living under some form of restriction of movement. Unfortunately these numbers will continue to rise (for an interactive dashboard, see Johns Hopkins University, 2020). Unless a vaccine is developed, or we discover medicines to treat the virus, our means of controlling the spread of infection depend entirely upon behavioural changes. Unfortunately,it was impossible here to include an in-depth discussion of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the COVID-19 pandemic will be a major new topic within the next (7th) edition.
Health psychology is still relatively young, having developed as a sub-discipline in the 1970s and 1980s. The primary mainstream focus has been theories and models about social-cognitive processes concerned with health beliefs and behaviours. This approach has yielded thousands of research publications of a mainly empirical