(β-cyclodextrin-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) and water bath at 50°C for 25 min., addition of sodium sulfate for polymer condensation purposes, and desorption with 200 μL ethyl acetate by sonication for 15 min.
GC-MS
0.021–0.350 μg/L
82.2–105.6% at 5, 100, and 600 μg/L
One sample of each water were analyzed and all PAEs were found at levels from 0.14 to 4.97 μg/L
Ethyl acetate showed higher extraction efficiency than hexane, acetone and dichloromethane as desorption solvent.
[74]
BBP, DBEP, DIPP, DNPP, DCHP, DEHP, DNOP, DINP, and DEHA
Milli-Q, pond, tap and waste waters (50 mL)
dSPE using 120 mg Basolite* F300 MOF and shaking for 5 min, vacuum-dried using a SPE column for 30 min, and elution with 15-mL ACN
HPLC-MS
0.022–0.069 μg/L
70–118% at 0.375 and 1.875 μg/L
Eight samples were analyzed and residues of DEHP were found at levels from 0.21 ± 0.26 to 4.04 ± 0.23 (_ig/L in all samples
ACN showed higher extraction efficiency than dichloromethane, acetone, cyclohexane and MeOH as elution solvent
m-dSPE using 20 mg MWCNTs-m-NPs under agitation for 2 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 1 mL toluene–acetone (1:4, v/v)
GC-MS/MS
0.03–0.1 μg/L
86.6-100.2% at 5 μg/L
Three samples were analyzed and no residues were detected
Toluene showed higher extraction efficiency than acetone, MeOH, hexane and ethyl acetate as elution solvent. To reduce the toxicity of toluene, different proportions toluene-acetone (1:1, 1:4 and 1:9, v/v) were tested and the mix toluene–acetone (1:4, v/v) gave similar results
[76]
DEP, DPP, DBP, DCP, and DEHP
Bottled and river waters (300 mL)
m-dSPE using 25 mg G-Fe3O4 under 3 4 agitation for 15 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution (in triplicate) with 0.5 mL acetone by vortex for 10 s
HPLC-UV
0.03–0.1 μg/L
80.0–106.0% at 0.5 and 5 μg/L
One sample of each water were analyzed and residues of DBP and DEHP were found at 0.12 and 0.15 μg/L, respectively, in the river water sample
Acetone showed higher extraction efficiency than MeOH and ACN as elution solvent. Coca-Cola and green tea samples were also analyzed
[78]
DMP, DEP, DAP, DIBP, and BBP
River, reservoir and sea waters (300 mL)
m-dSPE using 36 mg layered carbon-Fe3O4 under agitation for 10 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution (in triplicate) with 0.5 mL acetone by vortex for 10 s
HPLC-UV
0.27–0.33 μg/L
88.0–104.7% at 5 and 10 μg/L
One sample of each water were analyzed and residues of DAP and DIBP were found at 0.52 and 0.86 μg/L, respectively, in the river water sample
Acetone showed higher extraction efficiency than MeOH and ACN as elution solvent
m-dSPE using 0.1 mL suspension of MWCNTs-m-NPs in water (40 mg/ml) under vortex for 3 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 1 mL acetone
GC-MS
0.016–0.13 μg/L
79.6–125.6% at 5 μg/L
Two mineral and 1 tap water samples were analyzed and contained at least 3 PAEs at levels from 0.36 to 3.3 μg/L
Acetone showed higher extraction efficiency than MeOH, ethyl acetate and hexane as elution solvent. Juice and carbonated drinks, and one perfume sample were also analyzed
[77]
DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, BBP, and DNOP
River and pond waters (10 mL)
m-dSPE using 20 mg G-Fe3O4 under vortex for 15 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 0.4 mL ethyl acetate and 0.5 g anhydrous sodium sulfate by sonication for 15 min
GC-MS
0.035–0.19 μg/L
88–110% at 10,000 μg/L
One sample of each water were analyzed and residues of all PAEs except DMP were found at levels from 22.2 to 150.8 μg/L
Ethyl acetate showed higher extraction efficiency than acetone and chloroform as elution solvent
[79]
DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, and DNOP
River, tap and mineral waters (20 mL)
m-dSPE using 20 mg Fe3O4-ZIF-8 MOF under sonication for 8 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 1 mL MeOH by sonication for 8 min
HPLC-DAD
0.3–0.8 μg/L
85.6–103.6% at 1, 10, and 100 μg/L
One sample of each water were analyzed and at least 2 PAEs at levels from 5 to 60 μg/L were detected in the river and tap water samples
Methanol showed higher extraction efficiency than ACN, chloroform and tetrahydrofuran as elution solvent
m-dSPE using 20 mg Fe3O4-polypyrrole under agitation for 40 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 2 mL ethyl acetate by sonication for 60 min
GC-MS
0.018–0.068 μg/L
80.4–108.2% at 5 and 100 μg/L
One sample of each water were analyzed and at least 5 PAEs at levels from 0.10 to 6.90 μg/L were detected
An orthogonal fraction factorial design was used for optimization purposes. Ethyl acetate showed higher extraction efficiency than acetone and isopropanol as elution solvent
Mineral, tap, pond and waste waters (25 mL adjusted at pH 6)
m-dSPE using 60 mg Fe3O4-PDA under agitation for 1 min, a magnet was used for decantation, and elution with 6 mL dichloromethane by agitation for 30 s
GC-MS/MS
0.009–0.02 μg/L
71–120% at 0.5 and 5 μg/L
One sample of each water were analyzed and residues of DEP and DBP were found at levels from 0.36 ± 0.46 to 4.20 ± 0.52 μg/L in the mineral, tap and waste waters
Dichloromethane showed higher extraction efficiency than acetone, MeOH and ACN as elution solvent
