Electronics in Advanced Research Industries. Alessandro Massaro

Electronics in Advanced Research Industries - Alessandro Massaro


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[35] TCP Network protocol (ISO/OSI transport level)Transport port (MODBUS TCP): 502, 802Encapsulated into Internet ProtocolApplication programming interface system callSecurity (MODBUS TCP): TLSSegment with a header and a data section [30] MODBUS Serial MODBUS RS485 (maximum 31 slaves)Transaction enabled by a masterCyclic redundancy check (CRC16) algorithmEthernet MODBUS TCP/IP [36] HTTP Application protocolHypertextInfrastructure: Ethernet, WiFiModel: synchronousStateless protocol (communication protocol)Information web transferMechanism: one to oneNetwork layer: IPv4 or IPv6Transport layer: TCPTransport port: 80, 443Standard: Internet Engineering Taskforce RFC7230Encoding: ASCII textSecurity: SSL or TLS [30] Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure Extension of HTTPSecure communicationEncryption using encrypted using TLS or SSLWebsite authenticationPrivacy protectionDigital certificates [37] Constrained Application Protocol Internet application protocolInfrastructure: 6LoWPANNetwork layer: IPv6Transport layer: UDPTransport port: 5683Mechanism: one to oneModel: asynchronousStandard: IETF (RFC7252)Service layer protocolWireless sensor network nodesDevices supporting UDPSecurity: Datagram transport layer securityMessage length: 4 byte [30, 38, 39] Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Client/serverInfrastructure: Ethernet, WiFiMessaging transportModel: asynchronousTransport port: 502, 802Standard: ISO/IEC, OASISPublish/subscribeMachine‐to‐machine connectivityRemote connectionsSensor communicationsTCP/IP ports: 1883, 8883Security: SSL, TLSUDP transport [26, 30, 38, 39] Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol Streaming XMLMultiple communication patternsAsynchronous messagingPublish/subscribeTCP transportHTTP transportRequest/response [30, 39] Advanced Message Queuing Protocol Point to pointPublish/subscribeQueuingRouting [39] LoRa Lower physical layerRadio frequency (433 MHz, 868 MHz, 915 MHz)Geolocation capabilitiesLoRaWAN (managing data device and frequencies transmission)Long‐range connectivity [25, 39] KNX Network standardCommunications protocolTwisted pair bus (EHS, BatiBUS, EIB)Sensing and actuationDistributed applicationsRadio (KNX‐RF)Power‐line networking [40] Process field net Industry technical standard for data communicationXMLPROFIBUSTCP/IP channelReal‐time channel [29]

      HTTP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol; KNX, Konnex; LoRa, long range; SSL, secure sockets layer;, Transmission Control Protocol;, transport layer security;, User Datagram Protocol; XML, eXtensible Markup Language.

      Particularly interesting is the LoRaWAN protocol suitable for long range wide area network (WAN) wireless technology tailored for IoT interconnection, and for bidirectional communication systems. The main features of this protocol are the low power consumption, and the possibility to improve scalable wireless networks.

      Technologies and architectures are fundamental for the upgrade of the company production. Different examples are provided to comprehend how innovative tools, including AI, can be applied in a new production scenario.

      1.2.1 Architectures Integrating AI

Schematic illustration of hierarchical scheme of the software in Industry 5.0.

       A random access memory (RAM).

       A microprocessor.

       Input and output (I/O) ports.

       An AI engine interfaced with a Programming Unit interface.

Schematic illustration of advanced PLC architecture in Industry 5.0: central processing unit (CPU), memory, I/O ports, Program Unit module, and AI upgrading industrial processes.

      1.2.2 AI Supervised and Unsupersived Algorithms


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