Information Practices and Knowledge in Health. Группа авторов

Information Practices and Knowledge in Health - Группа авторов


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it, and there is a risk that it does not sufficiently take into account the ethical risks that are their corollary.

      Preprint servers are now an integral part of the scientific communication ecosystem in Health [PEN 20]. They have appeared over the last 10 years and illustrate the dynamism and importance of this method of dissemination [TEN 18; PEN 20]. Supported and set up by researcher communities, particularly early-career researchers [NIC 19], these servers represent a new generation of thematic open archives that offer an advanced digital service around preprint.

      The most famous are those grouped around the extension “Xiv” of the eponymous archive arXiv, which founded the Green Road of Open Access. Using this extension in their names as a distinguishing mark conveying values, the new preprint servers claim both a filiation and a specific identity [BOU 19b]. In addition to openness, a discursive marker of Open Access, their rhetoric also includes “acceleration” as a strong justification, which indirectly points to the unsuitability of journals to ensure publication within a sufficiently short period of time.

      Articles with a preprint [on bioRxiv] had, on average, a 49% higher Altmetric Attention Score and 36% more citations than articles without a preprint.

      These preprint platforms are now attracting the attention of private funding agencies, which are showing increasing interest in new Open Access publishing models. In 2016, the Wellcome Trust decided to launch its own publishing platform: Wellcome Open Research [BUT 16].

      These initiatives are part of the processes of platformization [MIR 18] currently operating in scientific communication and are based on the following elements: rapid dissemination and publication of research results (concerns and aspirations found in both the open archives movement and mega-journals), upstream funding of articles by research programs, open science methods (release and publication of research data; open peer review) and, finally, new forms of mediatization of scientific and technical information as previously specified. This platformization questions the place of traditional health journals insofar as they are no longer the unique way to disseminate research results.

      Large national funding agencies and private research funding organizations are thus helping to (re)shape the scientific communication landscape with Open Access publishing platforms [ROS 18].

      The field of Health is currently in a period in which the issues of publishing and disseminating validated scientific information have perhaps never been so crucial. The Covid-19 health crisis has demonstrated its importance as well as its complexity.

      The Covid-19 pandemic has suggested possible channels of scientific communication that are becoming independent of the journal model in favor of near-real-time dissemination of articles on preprint servers. Research “in the making” requires an acceleration for which journals are not ready; it therefore turns to platforms that play the role of intermediary device, facilitating and accelerating dissemination.

      Open Access to scientific information in Health has not only improved the dissemination and circulation of scientific information but also reshuffled the cards of the game between stakeholders, allowing some of them, notably the research communities and funding agencies, to take a more important part in the definition of models that are better able to take care of the imperatives of contemporary scientific practice.


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