Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children. Группа авторов
macronutrient regulation Human nutritional ecology Bringing it all together: complex systems Conclusions References 7 The Living Environment and Physical Activity From the environment to behaviors to obesity Physical activity and health Physical activity and weight gain Spatial variation in obesity Measuring attributes of the built environment Relations between the built environment, physical activity, and obesity Research trends Changes in the urban environment Conclusion References 8 Psychobiology of Obesity Setting the scene Can obesity be managed through behavior change? Complex bio‐cultural system of appetite control The bio‐behavioral appetite system: tonic and episodic processes The satiety cascade: homeostatic and hedonic processes Individual variation in susceptibility to overconsumption: phenotypes for appetite control Satiety responsiveness and the low satiety phenotype Sensitivity to food reward Compensation in response to exercise Implications for the treatment and prevention of obesity and future directions Closing comments References 9 Energy Balance and Body Weight Homeostasis Introduction Basic concepts and principles in human energetics Control of food intake Autoregulatory adjustments in energy expenditure Integrating intake and expenditure References
10 3 Obesity as a Disease 10 Obesity, Ectopic Fat and Type 2 Diabetes Introduction Epidemiology Not all fat is the same Metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy lean Pathogenesis of visceral and ectopic fat accumulation Factors affecting body fat distribution Linking ectopic fat accumulation to diabetes How can we measure VAT and ectopic fat Therapy Conclusion References 11 Obesity and Dyslipidemia, Importance of Body Fat Distribution Introduction Limitations to fat storage Hyperlipidemia in relation to adiposity The dynamics and difference of adipose tissue depot functions in the body in relation to hyperlipidemia Associations between plasma lipids and lipoproteins and discrete fat depots References 12 Obesity and Fertility Introduction References 13 Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Fatty Liver Disease Introduction Pathogenesis of MS Pathogenesis and clinical implications of MAFLD Association between MS and MAFLD Pathological link between MAFLD and MS Inflammation, linked with MS, is the main determinant in progression from NAFLD to NASH Increased inflow of FFAs and de novo hepatic lipogenesis are the main determinants of MAFLD Oxidative and ER stresses are involved in the association between MS and MAFLD Adiponectin, a critical link between MS and MAFLD Role of gut microbiota in the crosstalk between MAFLD and MS Association of sarcopenia with MS and MAFLD Medications for the treatment of MAFLD/NASH Role of SGLT2 inhibitors