Musculoskeletal Disorders. Sean Gallagher

Musculoskeletal Disorders - Sean Gallagher


Скачать книгу
known as a motor end plate) (Figure 3.11). Within this axon terminal are numerous synaptic vesicles containing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. When a somatic neuron fires and the action potential reaches the motor end plate, acetylcholine is released into a synaptic cleft (a space between the axonal terminal and the muscle). The synaptic cleft is a highly folded region of the sarcolemma that allows for more surface area. There are numerous mitochondria, ribosomes, and glycogen granules at this site. When acetylcholine binds to its receptor, Na+ channels open and membrane depolarization results. Excess acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is hydrolyzed by the enzyme cholinesterase to avoid prolonged contact of the neurotransmitter with its receptors. The depolarization is then propagated deep into the myofiber by the previously discussed transverse tubule system. At each triad (a T‐tubule and two cisterna), the depolarization signal is passed to the sarcolemma reticulum. This results in a release of Ca2+ and initiation of the muscle cells’s contraction cycle. When the depolarization ceases, the Ca2+ is actively transported back into the cisterna for storage, and the muscle cell relaxes.

Schematic illustration of the sliding-filament mechanism.

      Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. H. (Eds.), (2010). Muscle. In Introduction to the human body, 11th ed., Wiley.

      Extracellular matrix/fascia

Schematic illustration of the neuromuscular junction.

      Gilbert‐Honick, J. & Grayson, W. (2020). Vascularized and innervated skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Advanced Healthcare Materials 9(1): e1900626. Wiley.

      Muscle as an endocrine system

      Tendon Structure

      Cells

Characteristic Description
Tissue type Dense regular
Скачать книгу
Librs.Net