The fourth industrial revolution glossarium: over 1500 of the hottest terms you will use to create the future. Alexander Chesalov
This decentralization of services is a more precise market than the market for full applications – for instance, applications that can share functional algorithms lead to more versatility for developers and more competition in markets35.
Algorithmic Assessment is a technical evaluation that helps identify and address potential risks and unintended consequences of AI systems across your business, to engender trust and build supportive systems around AI decision making.
All.Can – initiative to identify ways to optimize the efficiency of cancer care by focusing on improving outcomes for patients and identifying inefficient practices, using technology to demonstrate how efficient care happens36.
Allscripts is a vendor of electronic health record systems for physician practices, hospitals and healthcare systems37.
AlphaGo (Программа AlphaGo) is the first computer program that defeated a professional player on the board game Go in October 2015. Later in October 2017, AlphaGo’s team released its new version named AlphaGo Zero which is stronger than any previous human-champion defeating versions. Go is played on 19 by 19 board which allows for 10171 possible layouts (chess 1050 configurations). It is estimated that there are 1080 atoms in the universe38.
Ambient Computing is the evolution and combination of gesture and voice interfaces, speech recognition, cloud computing, wearable computing, IoT, augmented reality, AI and machine learning, and the quantified self39.
Ambient intelligence (AmI) represents the future vision of intelligent computing where explicit input and output devices will not be required; instead, sensors and processors will be embedded into everyday devices and the environment will adapt to the user’s needs and desires seamlessly. AmI systems, will use the contextual information gathered through these embedded sensors and apply Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to interpret and anticipate the users’ needs. The technology will be designed to be human centric and easy to use40.
Ambulatory medical record (AMR) is an electronically stored file of a patient’s outpatient medical records, which includes all surgeries and care that do not involve being admitted to a hospital41.
American health information management association (AHIMA) is a professional organization that promotes the business and clinical uses of electronic and paper-based medical information42.
American medical association (AMA) is a physician group that works for healthcare reform and publishes a collection of medical journals43.
An initial coin offering (ICO) is the cryptocurrency industry’s equivalent of an initial public offering (IPO). A company seeking to raise money to create a new coin, app, or service can launch an ICO as a way to raise funds44.
Analytics is a systematic analysis of information (data) or statistics for the discovery, communication, and interpretation of meaningful data patterns for better decision-making45.
Anokhin’s theory of functional systems is a functional system consists of a certain number of nodal mechanisms, each of which takes its place and has a certain specific purpose. The first of these is afferent synthesis, in which four obligatory components are distinguished: dominant motivation, situational and triggering afferentation, and memory. The interaction of these components leads to the decision-making process.
Anonymization – process of removing all elements allowing the identification of an individual person (i.e., of rendering data anonymous). ISO/TS 25237:2008: process that removes the association between the identifying data set and the data subject. UK Information Commissioner’s Office: process of rendering data into a form which does not identify individuals and where identification is not likely to take place46.
Anonymized Data – data which was identifiable when collected but which are not identifiable anymore (have been rendered anonymous). Anonymous data are no longer personal data. UK Information Commissioners Office: data in a form that does not identify individuals and where identification through its combination with other data is not likely to take place47.
Antivirus software is a program or set of programs that are designed to prevent, search for, detect, and remove software viruses, and other malicious software like worms, trojans, adware, and more48.
Anytime algorithm – an algorithm that can return a valid solution to a problem even if it is interrupted before it ends49.
API economy is a business model where the use of application programming interfaces, or APIs, takes center stage. By using APIs, a company can, for instance, make their business processes or data available to others50.
API-AS-a-service (AaaS) is an approach that combines API economy and software rental and provides application programming interfaces as a service51.
App Economy refers to the range of economic activity surrounding mobile applications. Mobile apps created new fortunes for entrepreneurs and changed the way business is done. The app economy encompasses the sale of apps, ad revenue or public relations generated by free apps, and the hardware devices on which apps are designed to run. Apps have helped shape the leaders in mobile technology. Apple Inc., which was first out of the gate with the promotion of its App Store in 2008, gained a large chunk of market share with its iPhone. Apps were part of the iPhone’s initial draw. Android has since gained ground with its Android Market, which peddles apps for Android-based phones. Apps are also affecting a shift for online businesses, which are often accessed through an app on a mobile device, rather than over the Web. As a result, websites that get most of their revenue through online ads have had to consider what apps mean to their business model52.
Application (application program) is a software program that runs on your computer such as Web browsers, e-mail programs, word processors, games, and utilities. The word «application» is used because each program has a specific application for the user53.
Application Domain is a functional domain for application logic implementation54.
Application Programming Interface (API) is a way for computers to talk to hardware or software platforms in a less complicated way. Also, Application programming interface or API is a communication channel through which two pieces of software (e.g. two digital platforms) can exchange information in a technical manner. APIs are central to the API economy and the platform economy, for instance55,56.
Application
Algorithm Economy – Text: electronic. – www.techopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/32904/algorithm-economy
All.can – Text: electronic. – https://digitalhealtheurope.eu URL: https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/glossary/all-can/ (date of request: 10.11.2022)
Allscripts – Text: electronic. – https://www.techtarget.com URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions (date of request: 10.11.2022)
AlphaGo – Text: electronic. – https://tadviser.ru URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Продукт:AlphaGo (date of request: 19.02.2022)
Ambient Computing – Text: electronic. – https://www.freewave.com URL: https://www.freewave.com/freewaves-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-glossary/ (date of request: 25.02.2023)
Living with Ambient Intelligence: So, at Home with Technology – Text: electronic. – https://infosys.com URL: https://www.infosys.com/insights/ai-automation/ambient-intelligence.html#:~:text=Ambient%20intelligence%20(AmI)%20represents%20the,user's%20needs%20and%20desires%20seamlessly. (date of request: 31.07.2022)
Ambulatory medical record (amr) – Text: electronic. – https://www.techtarget.com URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions (date of request: 10.11.2022)
American health information management association (ahima) – Text: electronic. – https://www.techtarget.com URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions (date of request: 10.11.2022)
American medical association (ama) – Text: electronic. – https://www.techtarget.com URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchhealthit/definitions (date of request: 10.11.2022)
An initial coin offering (ICO) – Text: electronic. – www.investopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/initial-coin-offering-ico.asp
Analytics – Text: electronic. – https://www.freewave.com URL: https://www.freewave.com/freewaves-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-glossary/ (date of request: 25.02.2023)
Anonymisation – Text: electronic. – https://digitalhealtheurope.eu URL: https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/glossary/anonymisation/ (date of request: 10.11.2022)
Anonymised Data – Text: electronic. – https://digitalhealtheurope.eu URL: https://digitalhealtheurope.eu/glossary/anonymised-data/ (date of request: 10.11.2022)
Antivirus software – Text: electronic. – www.webroot.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.webroot.com/ca/en/resources/tips-articles/what-is-anti-virus-software
Anytime algorithm – Text: electronic. – https://dic.academic.ru URL: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/eng_rus/423258/anytime (date of request: 27.01.2022)
API economy – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#ABCD
API-AS-a-service – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#ABCD
App Economy – Text: electronic. – www.techopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/28141/app-economy
Application (application program) – Text: electronic. – https://www.trendminer.com URL: https://www.trendminer.com/iiot-glossary/ (date of request: 25.02.2023)
Application Domain – Text: electronic. – https://www.freewave.com URL: https://www.freewave.com/freewaves-industrial-internet-of-things-iiot-glossary/ (date of request: 25.02.2023)
Application Programming Interface (API) – Text: electronic. – https://www.link-labs.com URL: https://www.link-labs.com/top-iot-terms-you-need-to-know#applicationprogramminginterface (date of request: 25.02.2023)
Application programming interface, or API – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#ABCD