Heer, Die Pflanzen der Pfahlbauten, in 4to, Zürich, 1865, p. 35; Ueber den Flachs und die Flachskultur, in 4to, Zürich, 1872.
582
Loret, Observations Critiques sur Plusieurs Plantes Montpelliéraines, in the Revue des Sc. Nat., 1875.
583
Boissier, Flora Orient., i. p. 851. It is L. usitatissimum of Kotschy, No. 164.
584
Boissier, ibid.; Hohenh., Enum. Talysch., p. 168.
585
Steven, Verzeichniss der auf der taurischen Halbinseln wildwachsenden Pflanzen, Moscow, 1857, p. 91.
586
Heer, Ueb. d. Flachs, pp. 17 and 22.
587
Jordan, quoted by Walpers, Annal., vol. ii., and by Heer, p. 22.
588
Ball, Spicilegium Fl. Marocc., p. 380.
589
Munby, Catal., edit. 2, p. 7.
590
Rohlf, according to Cosson, Bulle. Soc. Bot. de Fr., 1875, p. 46.
591
Planchon, in Hooker’s Journal of Botany, vol. 7; Bentham, Handbk. of Brit. Flora, edit. 4, p. 89.
592
Planchon, ibid.
593
Boissier, Fl. Or., i. p. 861.
594
A. de Candolle, Géogr. Bot. Rais., p. 833.
595
Thomson, Annals of Philosophy, June, 1834; Dutrochet, Larrey, and Costaz, Comptes rendus de l’Acad. des. Sc., Paris, 1837, sem. i. p. 739; Unger, Bot. Streifzüge, iv. p. 62.
596
Other Hebrew words are interpreted “flax,” but this is the most certain. See Hamilton, La Botanique de la Bible, Nice, 1871, p. 58.
597
Piddington, Index Ind. Plants; Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., edit. 1832, ii. p. 110. The name matusi indicated by Piddington belongs to other plants, according to Ad. Pictet, Origines Indo-Euro., edit. 2, vol. i. p. 396.
598
Heer, Die Pflanzen der Pfahlbauten, 8vo pamphlet, Zürich, 1865, p. 35; Ueber den Flachs und die Flachskultur in Alterthum, pamphlet in 8vo, Zürich, 1872.
599
Bertoloni, Fl. Ital., iv. p. 612.
600
We have seen that flax is found towards the north-west of Europe, but not immediately north of the Alps. Perhaps the climate of Switzerland was formerly more equable than it is now, with more snow to shelter perennial plants.
601
Mittheil. Anthropol. Gesellschaft, Wien, vol. vi. pp. 122, 161; Abhandl., Wien Akad., 84, p. 488.
602
Sordelli, Sulle piante della torbiera e della stazione preistorica della Lagozza, pp. 37, 51, printed at the conclusion of Castelfranco’s Notizie alla stazione lacustre della Lagozza, in 8vo, Atti della Soc. Ital. Sc. Nat., 1880.
603
The fowl was introduced into Greece from Asia in the sixth century before Christ, according to Heer, Ueb. d. Flachs, p. 25.
604
These discoveries in the peat-mosses of Lagozza and elsewhere in Italy show how far Hehn was mistaken in supposing that (Kulturpfl., edit. 3, 1877, p. 524) the Swiss lake-dwellers were near the time of Cæsar. The men of the same civilization as they to the south of the Alps were evidently more ancient than the Roman republic, perhaps than the Ligurians.
605
Ad. Pictet, Origines Indo-Europ., edit. 2, vol. i. p. 396.
606
Van Eys, Dict. Basque-Français, 1876; Gèze, Eléments de Grammaire Basque suivis d’un vocabulaire, Bayonne, 1873; Salaberry, Mots Basques Navarrais, Bayonne, 1856; l’Ecluse, Vocab. Franç. – Basque, 1826.
607
Nemnich, Poly. Lex. d. Naturgesch., ii. p. 420; Rafn, Danmark Flora, ii. p. 390.
608
Nemnich, ibid.
609
Ibid.
610
Ibid.
611
Fick, Vergl. Worterbuch. Ind. Germ., 2nd edit., i. p. 722. He also derives the name Lina from the Latin linum; but this name is of earlier date, being common to several European Aryan languages.
612
Pliny, bk. xix. c. 1: Vere satum æstate vellitur.
613
Unger, Botanische Streifzüge, 1866, No. 7, p. 15.
614
A. Braun, Die Pflanzenreste des Ægyptischen Museums in Berlin, in 8vo, 1877, p. 4.
615
Rosellini, pls. 35 and 36, quoted by Unger, Bot. Streifzüge, No. 4, p. 62.
616
W. Schimper, Ascherson, Boissier, Schweinfurth, quoted by Braun.
617
Heer, Ueb. d. Flachs, p. 26.
618
Maspero, Histoire Ancienne des Peuples de l’Orient., edit. 3, Paris, 1878, p. 13.
619
Journal of the Royal Asiat. Soc., vol. xv. p. 271, quoted by Heer, Ueb. den Fl.
620
Maspero, p. 213.
621
The Greek texts are quoted in Lenz, Bot. der Alt. Gr. und Röm., p. 672; and in Hehn, Culturpfl. und Hausthiere, edit. 3, p. 144.
622
Ad. Pictet, Origines Indo-Europ.
623
Dictionnaire Franç. – Berbère, 1 vol. in 8vo, 1844.
624
Rumphius, Amboin, vol. v. p. 212; Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ii. p. 581; Loureiro, Fl. Cochinchine, vi. p. 408.
625
Blume, Bijdragen, i. p. 110.
626
Zollinger, Nos. 1698 and 2761.
627
Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeylan., p. 31.
628
Edgeworth, Linnæan Soc. Journ., ix.
629
Masters, in Hooker’s Fl. Brit. Ind., i. p. 397.
630
Loureiro, Fl. Cochin., i. p. 408.
631
Franchet and Savatier, Enum., i. p. 66.
632
Rosenmüller, Bibl. Naturgesch.
633
Von Heldreich, Die Nützpfl. Griechenl., p. 53.
634
Masters, in Hooker’s Fl. Brit. Ind., i. p. 397; Aitchison, Catal. Punjab, p. 23; Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ii. p. 581.
