to be unable to restrain one's anger; brevitati, to be concise; communi utilitati, to be devoted to the public good, etc.
29
antiquitas = the state of affairs in times gone by, not a division of time; so antiquitatis studia, archaeology; veteres or antiqui poetae, populi, the poets, people of antiquity; antiqua monumenta, the relics of antiquity. antiquitates plur. is used for the institutions, usages of times gone by.
30
momentum (i.e. movimentum) is properly that which sets in motion, which gives a decisive impulse to things, cf. Luc. iv. 819, momentumque fuit mutatus Curio rerum. Livy and later writers employ the word in the sense of a moment of time.
31
ad tempus also means (1) according to the circumstances of the case, e.g. ad tempus consilium capere, (2) for a short time, temporarily.
32
The spirit of a thing is usually rendered by such words as natura, proprietas, ratio atque voluntas, e.g. the spirit, genius of a language, natura or proprietas sermonis; the spirit of the laws, voluntas et sententia legum.
33
Unless one is emphasised unus is left out with the following words: annus, mensis, dies, hora, and verbum.
34
Used absolutely "too late" = sero; if "too late for," "later than," always serius (quam).
35
caput has several metaphorical meanings, e.g. capita coniurationis (Liv. 9. 26), the leaders of the conspiracy; caput Graeciae, the capital of Greece; caput cenae, the chief dish; capita legis, the headings, clauses of a law; id quod caput est, the main point; de capite deducere (Liv. 6. 15), to subtract from the capital; capitis periculum, mortal peril; capitis deminutio (maxima, media, minima) (Liv. 22. 60), deprivation of civil rights. caput is often combined with fons = source, origin, e.g. ille fons et caput Socrates (Cic. De. Or. 1. 42); in aegritudine est fons miseriarum et caput (Cic.) By metonymy caput is used with liberum (and noxium) (Verr. 2. 32. 79) with the meaning of a free (guilty) person, individual.
36
Cf. velut in cervicibus habere hostem (Liv. 44. 39); bellum ingens in cervicibus est (Liv. 22. 33. 6).
37
Cf. ne digitum quidem porrigere alicuius rei causa.
38
Notice too liberos de parentum complexu avellere (Verr. 2. 1. 3. 7), to snatch children from their parents' "arms" (not brachium), so in alicuius complexu mori; in alicuius complexu haerere. medium aliquem amplecti, to take to one's arms, embrace; libentissimo animo accipere, to welcome with open arms.
39
Distinguish effugere aliquid, to escape the touch of, e.g. invidiam, mortem; and effugere ex aliqua re, to escape from a position one is already in, e.g. e carcere, e caede, e praelio. Notice fugit me, it escapes my notice.
40
animum advertere aliquid = animadvertere aliquid = to notice a thing; animadvertere in aliquem = to punish a person.
41
To shut one's eyes to a thing, conivere in aliqua re.
42
Cf. caecatus, occaecatus cupiditate, stultitia.
43
pro virili parte is distinct from the other expressions, as implying more assurance and confidence on the part of the speaker.
44
It was the custom for a Roman father to lift up his new-born child, which was laid on the ground at his feet; hence the expression tollere, suscipere.
45
suppeditare (1) transitive, to supply sufficiently; (2) intrans. to be present in sufficient quantities = suppetere.
46
vitae (vivendi) cursus or curriculum = life, career – considering its duration, length. Life = biography is not curriculum vitae, but simply vita, vitae descriptio.
47
To live, speaking chronologically, is esse; vivere denotes to be alive, pass one's life, e.g. laute, in otio.
48
sitis is also used metaphorically – e.g. libertatis sitis (Rep. 1. 43. 66), so sitire– e.g. honores (De Fin. 4. 5. 3), libertatem (Rep. 1. 43. 66), sanguinem (Phil. 2. 7. 20). The participle sitiens takes the Gen. – e.g. sitiens virtutis (Planc. 5. 13).
49
Not in risum erumpere, which only occurs in late Latin. However, risus, vox, fletus erumpit is classical, similarly indignatio (Liv. 4. 50), furor, cupiditates (Cael. 12. 28).
50
valetudo is a neutral term = state of health. sanitas = soundness of mind, reason – e.g. ad sanitatem reverti, to recover one's reason.
51
Note auribus, oculis, captum esse, to be deaf, blind; mente captum esse, to be mad.
52
The comparative and superlative of aeger and aegrotus are not used in this connection, they are replaced by such phrases as vehementer, graviter aegrotare, morbus ingravescit, etc.
53
But se excusare alicui or apud aliquem (de or in aliqua re) = to excuse oneself to some one about a thing.
54
sua morte defungi or mori is late Latin, cf. Inscr. Orell. 3453, debitum naturae persolvit.
55
se interficere, se occidere, se necare are rare. During the classic period, when suicide was not common, ipse is often added – e.g. Crassum se ipsum interemisse (Cic. Scaur. 2. 16), Lucretia se ipsa interemit (Fin. 2. 20. 66); but later, when suicide had become frequent, se interemit; nonnulli semet interemerunt (Suet. Iul. 89), etc., occur commonly.
56
"Corpse" usually = corpus mortui or simply corpus. cadaver is a corpse which has begun to decompose.
57
For eulogy, panegyric, use laudatio funebris or simply laudatio, cf. Mil. 13. 33; Liv. 5. 50.
58
incunabula literally swaddling-clothes. cunabula, cradle, is not used in this metaphorical sense except in post-Augustan Latin.
59
Notice the order; so regularly ea and qua de causa; but ob eam causam not eam ob causam. For the meaning of iustus cf. xvi. 5 bellum iustum and xvi. 10a praelium iustum.
