Continuing Korean. Ross King
To make the expression both negative and honorific you can apply either the negative first (좋아하지 않으세요) or the honorific first (좋아하시지 않아요), or you can take the latter expression and reapply the honorific (좋아하시지 않으세요) for a somewhat overhonorific effect. In the case of -고 싶어해요, you actually find all these possibilities:
| a. | -고 싶어하지 않으세요 | (Most common) |
| b. | -고 싶어하시지 않으세요 | (Most common) |
| c. | -고 싶어하시지 않아요 | (Not common) |
| d. | -(으)시고 싶어하지 않아요 | (Not common) |
| e. | -(으)시고 싶어하지 않으세요 | (Not common) |
| f. | -(으)시고 싶어하시지 않으세요 | (Not common) |
The last example, triply honorific, is a bit too fancy for everyday use.
17.2. Uses of the Infinitive IV: Compound Verbs
The expressions discussed in Section 17.1, just above—좋아해요 likes, 고마워해요 is grateful for, and so on—are compound verb expressions. They are made by joining to an infinitive—a verb that names the action—some form of another verb (해요 does in these two cases).
주의!
Note that it is always this second (auxiliary) verb that does the rest of the work: it shows the tense and whether the expression is affirmative or negative, question or statement, and so on. This pattern is a general one with Korean verb expressions: the first (main) verb merely tells what action or quality is under discussion—goes, eats, walks; is good, is large, is late—and is otherwise frozen; the second (auxiliary) verb completes the expression and fits it into the sentence with appropriate endings. The honorific and negative expressions are usually built on the auxiliary verb, not on the infinitive.
17.2.1. Compound Verbs with 가- and 오-
Some of the compound expressions you have learned involve the verbs 가요 goes and 와요 comes used as auxiliaries to show direction.
| 도-ᄅ- tum | (round) | 돌아가요 | goes back |
| 돌아와요 | comes back | ||
| 드-ᄅ | enter | 들어가요 | goes in |
| 들어와요 | comes in | ||
| 나- | exit | 나가요 | goes out |
| 나와요 | comes out | ||
| 걸- | walk | 걸어가요 | walks (there) |
| 걸어와요 | walks (here) | ||
| 오르- | ascend | 올라가요 | goes up |
| 올라와요 | comes up | ||
| 내리- | descend | 내려가요 | goes down |
| 내려와요 | comes down |
Here are some more examples of compound verb expressions with 가- go and 오- come in sentences.
| 12. | 아버님이 내일 미국에서 돌아오세요. Father is returning from the United States tomorrow. |
| 13. | 장 선생님은 언제 한국으로 돌아가셨어요? When did Mr. Chang go back to Korea? |
| 14. | 그 영화관에 사람이 너무 많아서 나오고 싶었어요. There were too many people in the movie theater, so I wanted to come out. |
| 15. | 걸어 갈래요，버스 타고 갈래요? Would you rather go on foot or take the bus? |
| 16. | 나는 1 달 동안이나 밖에 나가지 않았어요. I haven’t been out for a whole month. |
17.2.2. Compound Verbs: Resultant States with 있-
Another kind of compound verb expression involves the verb 있어요 is, stays used as an auxiliary to show resultant states. This is a very important usage, which you should observe carefully.
| Base | English | Resultant State | English |
| 앉- | sit | 앉아 있어요 | is seated |
| 앉아 있지 않아요 | is not seated | ||
| 누w- | lie down | 누워 있어요 | is lying down |
| 누워 있지 않아요 | is not lying down | ||
| 서- | stand up | 서 있어요 | is standing |
| 서 있지 않아요 | is not standing | ||
| 열리- |
be opened
|