Russian Cyber Operations. Scott Jasper
Chiefs of Staff, Military Deception, Joint Publication 3-13.4 (Washington, DC: Joint Chiefs of Staff, January 26, 2012), I-6.
81.Gregory Conti and David Raymond, On Cyber: Towards an Operational Art for Cyber Conflict (San Bernardino, CA: Kopidion Press, 2017), 246.
82.James Scott, “Information Warfare,” Institute for Critical Infrastructure Technology, 2018, 85–86.
83.Gordon Corera, “How France’s TV5 Was Almost Destroyed by Russian Hackers,” BBC News, October 10, 2016.
84.Ellen Nakashima, “Russian Spies Hacked the Olympics and Tried to Make It Look like North Korea, U.S. Officials Say,” Washington Post, February 24, 2018.
85.Tim Maurer, Cyber Mercenaries (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 5.
86.Ian Duncan, “Cyber Command Chief: Foreign Governments Use Criminals to Hack U.S. Systems,” Baltimore Sun, March 16, 2016.
87.James R. Clapper, “Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community,” statement for the record, Senate Armed Services Committee, February 9, 2016.
88.Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center, “Analysis of the Cyber Attack on the Ukrainian Power Grid,” defense use case, March 18, 2006, v.
89.ICS-CERT, “Cyber-Attack against Ukrainian Infrastructure,” alert (IR-Alert-H-16-056-01), February 25, 2006.
90.Michael J. Assante, “Confirmation of a Coordinated Attack on the Ukrainian Power Grid,” SANS (blog), January 9, 2016.
91.Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center, “Ukrainian Power Grid,” 9.
92.Kim Zetter, “Inside the Cunning, Unprecedented Hack of Ukraine’s Power Grid,” Wired, March 3, 2016.
93.Zetter.
94.GReAT, “BlackEnergy APT Attacks in Ukraine Employ Spearphishing with Word Documents,” Securelist, Kaspersky (blog), January 28, 2016.
95.Zetter, “Inside the Cunning.”
96.JASmius, “Russian Hackers Take Down Power Grid in Ukraine,” Political Pistachio, January 5, 2016.
97.Electricity Information Sharing and Analysis Center, “Ukrainian Power Grid,” 6.
98.Zetter, “Inside the Cunning.”
99.Zetter.
100.Zetter.
101.SBU Press Center, “Russian Hackers Plan Energy Subversion in Ukraine,” Ukrinform, December 28, 2018.
102.Zetter, “Inside the Cunning.”
103.Ellen Nakashima, “Russian Hackers Suspected in Attack That Blacked Out Parts of Ukraine,” Washington Post, January 5, 2016.
104.Jim Kinkle, “U.S. Firm Blames Russian ‘Sandworm’ Hackers for Ukraine Outage,” Reuters, January 7, 2016.
105.Donghui Park, Julia Summers, and Michael Walstrom, “Cyberattack on Critical Infrastructure: Russia and the Ukrainian Power Grid Attacks,” Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, October 11, 2017, https://jsis.washington.edu/news/cyberattack-critical-infrastructure-russia-ukrainian-power-grid-attacks/.
106.Park, Summers, and Walstrom.
107.Dan Goodin, “First Known Hacker-Caused Power Outage Signals Troubling Escalation,” Ars Technica, January 4, 2016.
108.Michael Connell and Sarah Vogler, “Russia’s Approach to Cyber Warfare,” CNA, March 2017, 20.
109.Connell and Vogler, 21.
110.Schmitt, Tallinn Manual 2.0, 22.
111.Daniel Gouré, “A Competitive Strategy to Counter Russian Aggression against NATO,” Lexington Institute, May 2018, 5.
112.Julian E. Barnes, “U.S. Cyber Command Bolsters Allied Defenses to Impose Cost on Moscow,” New York Times, May 7, 2019.
113.Alissa de Carbonnel, “Trump Says Putin ‘Competitor,’ Not Enemy,” Reuters, July 12, 2018.
114.Anna Mikulska, “When Trump Calls Russia a ‘Competitor’ for the US, He Might Be Talking about Natural Gas Exports,” The Conversation, July 13, 2018.
115.Michael Rogers, “Achieve and Maintain Cyberspace Superiority: Command Vision for U.S. Cyber Command,” US Cyber Command, March 2018, 3.
116.Rogers, 3.
117.“Threat of Cyber Attack from Russia Has Intensified, British MPs Told,” The National, June 25, 2018.
118.Morgan Chalfant, “Rosenstein Warns of Growing Threat from Russia, Other Actors,” The Hill, July 19, 2018.
119.Aaron Hughes, deputy assistant secretary of defense for cyber policy, Statement before the House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Information Technology and National Security Subcommittee, July