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Notes
1 * Corresponding authors: [email protected]
2 † Corresponding authors: [email protected]
3 Physics of Ice Nucleation and Growth on a Surface
Alireza Hakimian, Sina Nazifi and Hadi Ghasemi1*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of ice formation on a surface, i.e. heterogeneous formation, is critical to suppress ice accretion on the surfaces. Ice formation on a surface includes two steps of ice nucleation and further ice growth. As water droplet is placed on a sub-zero surface, with a time delay, ice nucleolus forms on the surface. Ice nucleation is governed by thermodynamics of ice-water-surface system and it is described by Gibbs energy barrier, ΔG*, which strongly depends on surface factor, f (m, x). Surface factor is a function of surface geometry, i.e. nano or micro, as well as surface free energy and through