Understanding Clinical Papers. David Bowers
SELECTION MANUAL VARIABLE SELECTION METHODS INTERPRETING THE REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS GOODNESS‐OF‐FIT DUMMY (OR DESIGN) VARIABLES TESTING THE ASSUMPTIONS OF THE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL EFFECT MODIFICATION AND INTERACTION SUMMARY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS CHAPTER 35: Logistic Regression THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL VARIABLE SELECTION AND MODEL ESTIMATION INTERPRETATION AND STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS DUMMY VARIABLES GOODNESS‐OF‐FIT EFFECT MODIFICATION – INTERACTION MODEL DIAGNOSTICS CHAPTER 36: Poisson Regression PREAMBLE POISSON REGRESSION GOODNESS‐OF‐FIT ZERO‐INFLATED POISSON REGRESSION NEGATIVE BINOMIAL REGRESSION ZERO‐INFLATED NEGATIVE BINOMIAL REGRESSION (ZNIB) CHAPTER 37: Measuring Survival THE KAPLAN–MEIER METHOD – MEDIAN SURVIVAL TIME THE LOG‐RANK TEST LOG‐RANK TEST FOR TREND THE PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS (OR COX'S) REGRESSION MODEL CHAPTER 38: Analysing Qualitative Data
15 PART VIII: Reading Between the Lines: How Authors use Text, Tables, and Pictures to Tell You the Story CHAPTER 39: Results in Text and Tables RAW RESULTS AND COOKED FINDINGS INTERESTING FINDINGS LEGENDS AND BRACKETS DASHES CHAPTER 40: Results in Pictures WHY USE CHARTS AND FIGURES? SHAPE OF DISTRIBUTIONS CHAPTER 41: The Discussion and Conclusions
16 References
17 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 31Table 31.1 A few of the more common statistical tests.
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Authors and research centres listed at the start of a research pa...Figure 1.2 Paper written by multiple authors on behalf of several research g...Figure 1.3 Acknowledgement of statistical, financial, and other support at t...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 An example of a structured Abstract – this one from a trial of tw...Figure 2.2 An unstructured Abstract accompanied by a list of Keywords indica...Figure 2.3 Explaining the background to a research study.Figure 2.4 Introduction explaining the rationale for the study.Figure 2.5 Ethical considerations in a study involving adults with a learnin...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Statement of a study's main hypothesis.Figure 3.2 A study with two hypotheses.Figure 3.3 The (structured) Abstract of a qualitative study, starting with a...Figure 3.4 The aim of the qualitative study.Figure 3.5 New subgroup analysis in report of an RCT.
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 A qualitative study examining views and experience of tests and i...Figure 4.2 Grounded theory as the theoretical basis for a study examining pa...Figure 4.3 A qualitative study employing ethnographic (participant observati...Figure 4.4 A qualitative study involving focus groups and individual intervi...
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Types of research study design.Figure 5.2 Extract from case series of bouncy castle injuries.Figure 5.3 Extract from cross‐sectional study about bouncy castle injuries....Figure 5.4 Prevalence of a clinical feature, determined in a cross‐sectional...Figure 5.5 Extract from a cross‐sectional (incidence) study about frequency ...Figure 5.6 Use of a survey method in a cross‐sectional study.
6 Chapter 6Figure